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Statistics
Ch.1 Intro to Research in Psychology
23
Psychology
Graduate
09/19/2011

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Term
Tradition-based belief
Definition
A belief that an idea is true because it has been accepted as true for a long time.
Term
Intuition-based belief
Definition
A belief that something is true because it feels true.
Term
Authority-based belief
Definition
A belief that something is true because an "expert" said so.
Term
Rational Thought
Definition
Thinking with reason.
Term
Reasoning
Definition
Beliefs based on logic and empiricism.
Term
Empiricism
Definition
Beliefs based on experience.
Term
Science
Definition
A way of acquiring knowledge through the continual interaction of empiricism and reasoning.
Term
Theory Building
Definition
Devising a hypothesis, applying empiricism to the hypothesis, abandoning hypothesis that are not supported by further empirical evidence, and constructing new hypothesis. In this way, general principles and predictions can be made.
Term
Critical Thinking
Definition
The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported evidence. 
Term
Goals of Science
Definition
Description, explanation, prediction, and control.
Term
Determinism
Definition
A doctrine of belief that events have natural causes. 
Term
Falsifiability
Definition
Hypothesis and theories that can be shown to be false.
Term
Parsimony
Definition
The simplest explanation for a phenomenon.
Term
Theory
Definition
A formal statement of how concepts are related.
Term
Concepts
Definition
The general category of ideas that are represented by our variables.
Term
Descriptive Research
Definition
Research where the goal is to describe characteristics of a population (ex: not test a hypothesis). 
Term
Explanatory Research
Definition
Research where the goal is to explain the relationship between variables (ex: to test a hypothesis). 
Term
Quantitative Research
Definition
Studies of differences in the amount of behavior.
Term
Qualitative Research
Definition
Studies of differences in the kind or quality of behavior.
Term
Basic or Pure Research
Definition
Research conducted to increase the body of knowledge of a discipline. 
Term
Applied Research
Definition
The use of basic research findings to improve conditions in real-world settings.
Term
Cross-sectional Research
Definition
The study of people of different ages.
Term
Longitudinal Research
Definition
The study of the same people over time or at different stages in their lives.
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