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Statistics - Vocab
Statistics vocabulary.
14
Mathematics
Not Applicable
11/18/2010

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Term
an experiment
Definition
an experiment manipulates factor levels to create treatments, randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels, and then compares the responses of the subject groups across different treatment levels.
Term
4 Principles of Experimental Design
Definition
1. control
2. randomize
3. replicate
4. block
Term
The best experiments are what 4 things?
Definition
1. randomized
2. comparative
3. double blind
4. placebo controlled
Term
sample survey
Definition
a study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population.
Term
control group
Definition
the experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level, which is well understood, or a null, placebo treatment
Term
confounding variables
Definition
when the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor in such a way that their effects cannot be separated.
Term
randomized block design
Definition
when randomization only occurs within blocks
Term
lurking variable
Definition
a variable associated with both x and y that makes it appear that x is causing y
Term
retrospective observational study
Definition
an observation study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined
Term
placebo
Definition
a treatment known to have no effect, administered so that all groups experience the same conditions
Term
single blind & double blind
Definition
there are 2 main classes of individuals who can affect the outcome of an experiment:
- those who can influence the results
- those who evaluate the results

single blind: when everyone in EITHER class is blinded
double blind: when everyone in BOTH classes is blinded
Term
statistically significant
Definition
when an observed difference is too large for us to believe that it is likely to have occurred naturally
Term
prospective observational study
Definition
an observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes
Term
what kinds of graphs lend themselves best to comparing groups?
Definition
Venn diagrams
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