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Statistics Definitions 1
Official Definitions
27
Computer Science
Undergraduate 3
01/25/2010

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Term
Statistics
Definition
The art/science of collecting, interpreting, and analyzing data (after designing and experimenting)
Term
Population
Definition
A group of objects with common identifying characteristics; membership must be clearly defined
Term
Statistic
Definition
A property of a sample (X-bar)
Term
Parameter
Definition
Characteristic or property of a population
Term
Random Sampling Variation
Definition
The uncertainty surrounding estimates of parameters (standard error of the mean)
Term
Consistent Estimator
Definition
As sample size is increased, the accuracy of the statistic increases
Term
Central Limit Theorem
Definition
The shape of the sampling distribution becomes normally distributed as sample size increases regardless of the shape of the population distribtuion
Term
Kurtosis
Definition
'peakedness' of the curve or fourth moment around the mean of a population distribution
Term
Nominal Data
Definition
Classified by quality not quantity (example: hair color, zodiac sign)
Term
Ratio-Scale Data
Definition
Constant interval and a true zero point (example: weights, volumes)
Term
Interval-Scale Data
Definition
Constant interval, zero point is arbitrary (example: C or F temps)
Term
Ordinal Data
Definition
Not equal units apart (example: places in a race)
Term
Compiler
Definition
Software that translate a program from high level language to machine language and back again
Term
Random Sample
Definition
each and every member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen (each and every random set of data from a population has an equal and independent chance)
Term
Analog Computer
Definition
Data stored as strength of current
Term
Digital Computer
Definition
Data stored as 1 or 0 (binary or machine language)
Term
Accuracy
Definition
Closeness to the truth
Term
Precision
Definition
Closeness of repeated measurements of the same object
Term
Bias
Definition
Pattern to the errors (always over or under estimate)
Term
Confounding Factor
Definition
Variables that are not studied in an experiment yet can affect the response variables
Term
Population Distribution
Definition
A frequency distribution of some random variable (i.e. X) for a population
Term
Sampling Distribution
Definition
A theoretical frequency distribution of some statistic (i.e. X-bar) for many samples of a given sample size from a population
Term
Sample Distribution
Definition
A frequency distribution of some random variable (i.e. X) for a sample
Term
Stratified Random Sample
Definition
A population is broken into strata based on some variable and the sampling intensities are varied by the strata
Term
Center of Gravity for a Population Distribution
Definition
(mu, sigma) -- (μ,σ)
Term
Center of Gravity for Sample Distribution
Definition
(X-bar, little s)
Term
Mechanical Sampling
Definition
Systematic choice (every 5th person, every 100 feet)
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