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| unequal legislative districts that violates the one person, one vote. |
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| the reallocation of seats in a legislative assembly |
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| the process of creatively designing a legislature district, usually to enhance the electoral fortunes of the party in power |
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| a legislator who functions as a conduct for constituency opinion |
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| a legislator who votes according to his or her conscience and best judgement. |
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| a legislator who functions as either a delegate or a trustee as circumstances dictate. |
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| favoritism by a governor or other elected official in distributing government monies or other resources to a particular program, jurisdiction, or individuals. |
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| Powers of the governor devired from the state constitution or statory law |
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| Powers of the government not devired from constitutional or statutory law |
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| The informal power of a governor to make appointments on the basis of party membership, and to dispense contracts and other favors to political supporters |
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| the governer's formal power to veto separate items in a bill instead of the entire piece of proposed legislation |
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| the governor's power to withhold approval or disapproval of a bill after the legislature has adjurned for the session, in effect vetoing the measure |
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| a rule, regulation, or policy issued unilaterally by the governor to change executive branch operations or activities. |
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| the organization of government personnel to provide for hiring and promotion on the basis of knowledge skills, and abilites rather that patronage or other influences. |
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| the concept that public employees competently and with out regard for political consideration |
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| The ability of public employees to make a decisions interpretiliby law and administrative regulations |
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| unwritten law based on tradition, custom, or court decision |
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| Provide a mechanism for appointing qualified candidates to the bench while permitting the public to evaluate a judge's performance through the ballot box |
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| a trend in which state constitutional and statutory law is consulted and applied before federal law. |
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| gives courts the power to hear certain types of cases first |
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| grants the courts the powers to review caese on appeal after being tried everywhere else. |
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| trial courts which comprise the lower tier (minor courts of limited jurisdiction) and major courts of general jurisdiction |
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a method to combine election and appointment of judges
candidates for judicial vacancies are first selected by lawyer-dominated commissions from all available applicants for that position |
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| a legal principle that previous similiar court decisions should be applied to future decisions |
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| a formal process in which an elected official is accused of unlawful activity, and which may or may not lead to the removal of that official from office. |
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| the body of laws of a state or nation regulating oridinary private matters. |
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| a law requiring a government agency to open its official meetings and records to the general pubic. |
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| a provision in a statute that terminates all or portions of the law after a specific date, unless further legislative action is taken to extend it. |
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| constitutional amendment or ordinance and corrpel a popular vote on its adoption. |
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| a procedure that allows citizens to vote elected official out of office before term expired. |
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| a procedure whereby a governing body sumits proposed laws, constitutional amendements or bond issues to the voters for ratification. |
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| the body of officials and administrators especially of a government or government department |
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| an election without party labels |
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| a person who is authorised to act on behalf of another (called the Principal) to create a legal relationship with a Third Party |
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| a person who authorises an agent to act |
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| the minimum number of members of a legislature, necessary to conduct the business of that group |
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| the title of each appointed or elected politician who governs a constituent state. |
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| to distribute statutes, administer, elections and keep archives |
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| The chief law officer of a country or state head of its legal dept. |
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| manager of state funds and official trustee. collects revenues and makes disbursments of state monies |
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| a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction, but is often the deputy or lieutenant to or ranking under a governor |
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| regularly considers legistation during the session |
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| made up of both houses investigate a troubled agency or solving a particularity challenging public policy problem |
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| to iron differences between house and senate passed version of a bill |
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| exists in governments that separate executive and legislative functions if actions by the executive can be rejected by the legislature. |
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| the highest form of law in the American legal system, mandating that state judges uphold them, even if state laws or constitutions conflict. art.VI clause 2 |
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| allowing U.S. Supreme Court review of state supreme court decisions unless they explicitly appealed to state laws. |
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| enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide reapportionment cases |
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| was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that state legislature districts had to be roughly equal in population. |
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| legal principle by which judges are obliged to obey the set-up precedents established by prior decisions |
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| government ability to respond effectively to change, manage conflict and make decisions |
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| the attitudes values and beliefs that people holds towards governmnet |
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| powers residing with the state by virtue of the tenth amendment |
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| National supremacy clause |
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| Art 6 of the constitution makes national laws superior to state laws. |
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part of art 1 section 8 permits Congress to regulate trade, with foreign countries among the states.
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| the princip[le that national laws take precdence over state laws. |
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| holds that the national and state gov. sovereign and equal within their respective spheres of authority |
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| recognizes the sharing of responsibility and financing by all levels of government |
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| the delegating of power and programs from the federal gov, to state and local gov. |
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| Partisan Popular election |
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| an election with party labels |
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