skin: Pustules

Furuncles

Carbuncles

Impetigo

Necrotizing fasciitis

Scalded skin syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome

pimples

acne

rash

fever

blood vessel damage

cause of accident & post surgical wound infection,

leading cause of burn infection

nasopharyngeal secretions

(cough, sneez)

from a person with a strep respiratory infection

rash

high fever

necrotizing fasciitis & toxic shock syndrome

penicillins (sligt increase in penicillin resistance)

azithromycin

ciprofloxacin

by ticks (dear ticks, dog ticks)

tick is the vector (carriers Borrelia)

Borrelia infect both skin and blood vessel

---> rash ("bull-eye" rash)

arthritis

(last week or possibly months)

1st: joints closest to the rash

further joints will be involved

Recurrant arthritis---> can be severe

blood vessel damage by ( blood pressure change)

 high blood pressure

low blood pressure

endocarditis

neurological changes

(depression, mental changes, dementia)

antibiotic ASAP ( including doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, azithromycin)

No human vaccine only for dog vaccine

anthrax

tetanus

gas gangrene

leprosy

Pseudomonas

Bacillus anthracis

(gram positive, aerobic spore former)

1. spores in deep soil--> spores onto soil surface( dry, dusty soil )

2. spores can be inhaled or get onto skin

3. spores germinate into bacteria (12-24 hours) bacteria produces necrotizing toxins

4. toxins destroy cells on skin & in the lungs

(skin sores, blisters, sores & hemorrhage in lungs)

Severe pneumonia can occur

penicillins

ciprofloxacin

azithromycin

vaccine available

Clostridium tetani

(gram positive, anaerobic spore former)

1. spores in animal intestine--> spores in feces

2. spores in soil-->into a puncture wound(low oxygen)

3. spores germinate--> wound exotoxin produced

exotoxin into the blood--> goes to nerve system--> blocks cholinesterase

4. result in constant muscle spasm (tetany)

5. respiratory failure (within 48-96hours)

antitoxin antibody before symptoms begin

Prevent with tetanus vaccination

(Tetanus toxoid)

Clostridium Perfringens

(gram positive, anaerobic spore formers)

1. spores in animal intestine--> in animal feces

2. spores in soil--> spores in low oxygen wound--> spores germinate--> bacteria will grow in the wound

3. bacteria ferment tissues (release acid)

4. softens tissue & gas (which discolors and stretches tissue (crepitation))

5. necrotizing toxins produced

massive tissue death & spread to vital organs--> result in organ failure

antibiotics: azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline

1. Remove surgically dead tissue to allow blood vessel to grow

2. Hyperbaric oxygen chamber to flood tissue with oxygen

3. amputation

caused by Mycobacterium leprae

(acid fast, rod 3 radish pink after acid fast stain)

mostly " tropical climate infection"

transmitted when the cause of bacteria enters skin wound (soil, insect) rarely, human to human

slight risk of respiratory transmission

1. bacteria infect skin, cause open skin sores. (face, neck, hands, arms, feet, legs)

2. Scar tissue forms--> lumps of infected tissue--> cause of deformity

3. infect bone: easy fractures bone weakness, disfigurement, abscess of the bone

4. bacteria infects nerves: anesthesia (lack of sensation, lack of feelings)

bateria will infect lungs (tuberculoid leprosy)

scar tissue similar to tuberculosis

antibiotics : slow progress of infection (not cures)

dapsone

sulfa drugs

streptomycin

rifamycin

Vaccine available

gram negative, rod, produce endotoxin

(thermophilic)

normal on healthy skin & in the intestine

common opportunist which infects damaged skin

antibiotic resistant

treated with:

carbenicillins

colistin

gentamycin

caused Rhinoviruses, CoronaViruses,

"Common Cold" viruses

inflammation of nose, throat, sinus, eyes, ears

fever, congestion, cough, malaise

very mild last 2--5 days

rest, diet, fluids

transmitted by " cough"

mostly in children including Newborns

Also known as " Croup"

incubation period

Acute Viral laryngeotracheobronchitis

congestion of the respiratory tract, fever, severe cough

weakness, suppress immune system

complications: pneumonia

Keep cough to a minimum

however, keep the cough productive

RSV is the leading cause of newborns

Vaccine for RSV given in 3 doses

antibiotics:

not (penicillins, methicillin, vancomycin)

use doxycycline, azithromycin