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| What is the standard model? |
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| A theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe. |
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| Matter particles with ½-integer spin; 6 quarks and 6 leptons |
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| Elementary particle of matter (specifically a fermion w/a 1/2 spin). Come in 6 flavors; only elementary particles to experience all 4 fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, strong & weak); combine to form hadrons |
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| Elementary particle (specifically a fermion w/a 1/2 spin). Not subject to the strong force. |
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| Force carrier particles with integer-spin; can occupy the same place in space; 3 gauge bosons (photons, W & Z, and gluons) + the undiscovered Higgs boson |
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| Composite particle made by quarks held together by the strong force. 2 types: Meson (1 quark + 1 antiquark) and Baryon (3 quarks, e.g. protons & neutrons) |
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| Elementary lepton particles that travel close to the speed of light; electrically neutral; have miniscule mass but pass through ordinary matter; 3 flavors; associated with weak interaction |
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| An elementary particle (boson).basic unit of light; the quantum force carrier for electromagnetism; zero rest mass (this is why it can travel at the speed of light) |
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| elementary particle (boson) that binds quarks together |
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| bosons that mediate the weak force |
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| hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravity; massless; contradicts the notion of curved spacetime in the general relativity framework |
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| hypothetical subatomic particle - travels faster than the speed of light |
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| particle to exist by standard model in order to resolve inconsistencies in theoretical physics; seminal particle associated with the Big Bang |
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| Large Hadron Collider (LHC) |
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| world’s most powerful particle accelerator (Geneva, Switzerland); collides opposing particle beams; allowing for lab-controlled observations of quantum interactions and possible discovery of hypothetical particles |
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