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| Function-based definition |
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| designates responses as members of the target response class solely in terms of their common effect on the environment. |
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| Topography-based definition |
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Defines instances of the target response class by the shape or form of the behavior.
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| A behavior that, when learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariation in other untrained behaviors |
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| Effects of an observation and measurement procedure on the behavior being measured |
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Relevance of behavior rule |
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| Extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced |
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| The response class selected for intervention; can be defined either functionall or topographically |
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Questions to ask when prioritizing potential target behaviors |
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| A simple tally of the number of occurrences of a behavior. The observation period, or counting time, should always be noted when reporting count measures. |
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| A measure of the total extent of time in which a behavior occurs. |
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| Measurement procedure for obtaining a tally or count of the number of times a behavior occurs. |
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| A ratio of count per observation time; often expressed |
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| A measure of temporal locus; defined as the elapsed time between two successive responses |
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| Measurement by permanent product |
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| A method of measuring behavior after it has occurred by recording the effects that the behavior produced on the environment |
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| A measurement method in which the presence or absence of behaviors are recorded at precisely specified time intervals |
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| Partial-interval recording |
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| A measurement method where the observer measures whether the target behavior at any time during the interval |
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| a proportional quantity per 100; a ration formed by combining the same dimensional quantities |
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Combining the different dimensional quantities of count and time |
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A measure of temporal locus; the elapsed time from the onset of stimulus (Ex:task direction) |
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A measurement of the presence or absence of behavior within specific time intervals |
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The physical form or shape of a behavior |
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A special form of event recording; a measure of the number of responses or practice opportunities needed for a person to achieve a pre-established level of accuracy or proficiency |
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| A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which at the interval the observer records if the behavior occurred during the entire interval ( Tends to underestimate behavior) |
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| Any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to emit a response |
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| The force or intensity with which a response is emitted |
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| Behavior can occur repeatedly through time |
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| Every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time |
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| Every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events |
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| Measurable dimensions of behavior |
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| Different behavioral measures |
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A measurement of the presence or absence of behavior within specific time intervals
LIST:
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| Measurement conducted in a mannor such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period |
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| Occurs when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation |
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Discontinuous measurement |
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| Measurement conducted in a mannor such that some instances of the response class(es)of interest may not be detected |
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| Occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior or interest |
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| The degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events |
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| Refers to the consistency of measurement, specifically, the extent to which repeated measurement of the same event yields the same results |
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The extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest and to the reason(s) for measuring it |
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Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (Ex: scratching an insect bite relieves itching) |
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| A stimulus changes that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers |
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| Generalized conditioned reinforcer |
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| A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many other reinforcers does not depend on an EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness |
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Occurs when behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions |
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| A stimulus that presentation or onset functions as reinforcement |
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| A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low frequency behavior |
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A stimulus change that increases the frequency of an y behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus. |
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| Refers to a variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers |
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| Response-deprivation hypothesis |
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| A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents as a restriction to the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement |
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| Stimulus preference assessment |
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| A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference value, the condition in which those preference values remain in effect and their presumed values as reinforcers |
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Diagram and explain: Negative reinforcement
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Diagram and explain: Negative punishment |
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List: different classifications of reinforcers and punishers |
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List: Different kinds of preference/reinforcer assessments |
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List: Guidelines for using reinforcement effectively |
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| The occurrence of a response produces the removal, termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus, which leads to an increase in the future occurrence of that response |
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| Unconditioned negative reinforcer |
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A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny); no prior learning is involved |
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| A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus |
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| Conditioned negative reinforcer |
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| A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers |
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| A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer |
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A contingency in which a response terminates an ongoing stimulus |
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Ethical considerations in the use of negative reinforcement |
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