Term
|
Definition
| Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of teh larger arteries |
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Term
|
Definition
| Originating within the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Separation into two branches; the point of forking |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube or sheath allowing the escape of fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the heart and lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| X-ray of an organ in motion with dye |
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Term
|
Definition
| Slightly blue-gray discoloration of the skin due to reduced amounts of hemoglobin in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stopping fibrillation of the heart through the use of drugs or by physical or electrical means |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mass of undissolved matter present in or traveling through a blood vessel, usually an artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| Within the heart or arising from the inner lining of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Rapid, tremulous, ineffected contractions of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| Space within an artery vein or tube |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ecessive carbonic acid in the blood (too much CO2) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the heart muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal closure of a passageway such as a blood vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
| serving to relieve or alleciate, without curing |
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Term
|
Definition
| patch of atherosclerosis consisting of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris that forms in the inner layers of the walls fo arteries |
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Term
| Premature Ventricular Contraction |
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Definition
| Cardiac arrhythmia characterized by a ventricular beat preceding the expected electrical impulse; may be a precursor of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| Constriction or narrowing of a passageway |
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Term
|
Definition
| formation or development of existing of a blood clot within the vascular system |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel or a cavity of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| thich muscular tissue bands attached to inner walls of the ventricular of the heart |
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Term
| Transient Ischemic Attack |
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Definition
| temporary interference of blood supply to the brain (mini-stroke) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inner lining of a blood vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of the caliber of blood vessels |
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Term
| Arterial Embolectomy and Venous Thrombectomy Fogarty Catheters |
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Definition
Thrombectomy = Vein
Ebolectomy - Artery |
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|
Term
| Defibrillator and Paddles |
|
Definition
| Used to defibrillate the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| used for recording electricity variations in action of heart muscles; monitors the heart's activity during most surical procedures |
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Term
|
Definition
| teflon or dacron materials available in a variety of types and sizes used to replace a segment of an artery that has been surgically resected because of an abnormality; two most common types are knoitted and woven and both are available in straight or bifurcated forms |
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Term
|
Definition
| used to increase of decrease body temperature or to maintain adequate temperature during lengthy peripheral vascular procedures |
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Term
|
Definition
| electrical implant device used to administer electrical shocks to the heart during ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia |
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Term
| Intra-aortic balloon pump |
|
Definition
| Used for treatment for acute left ventricular failure |
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Term
| Irrigating Fogarty catheters |
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Definition
| tubes with multiple eyes used to flush an artery by injecting heparanized saline solution to prevent further clot formation |
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Term
|
Definition
| teflon or dacron materials available in a variety of forms used to strengthen a suture line or to cover or reinforce a defect |
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Term
|
Definition
| heterograft, homograft, or artificial implants designed to replace defective heart valves |
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Term
|
Definition
| artificial synthetic tubes used to divert blood flow from one main route to another or around an obstruction |
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Term
| Underwater chest drainage system |
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Definition
| used following cardiac procedure to frain air, fluid, or a combination from the patients and to maintain negative pressure. Disposable unit Pleuravac |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases cardiac muscle tone and opposes the affect of potassium |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases cardiac output but produces little peripheral vasoconstriction and therefore preserves renal blood flow |
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Term
|
Definition
| short-acting cardiac stimulant; increases force of heartbeat |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anticoagulant given to the patient prior to cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent clotting; may also be used to irrigate the lumen of blood vessels during anastomosis and to prime the pump-oxygenator |
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Term
|
Definition
| Accelerates heart and lowers pulmonary vascular resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
| given to treat ventricular arrythmias; controls PVCs and prevents development of ventricular fibrillation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lowers blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle of the vascular wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| neutralizes the action of heparin; dosage is calculated according to amount of heparin given |
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Term
|
Definition
| buffer used to prevent or correct metabloc acidosis (helps get CO2 out of the system |
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Term
(Arteriography or Cardiac Cathertization)
Involves the insertion of a radiopaque plastic catheter into the right or left side of the heart through a percutaneous puncture or cutdown to the barchial or femoral arteries; contrast media is injected through the catheter and cardiac angiography is performed to demonstrate anatomical structure and functional capabilities of the heart, as well as to determine oxygen saturation, pressure in the chambers, and cardiac output |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Arteriography or Cardiac Cathertization)
Injection or radiopaque dye directly into an artery to obtain x-rays of the vessel and its tributaries in order to determine the exact location and extent of arterial disease or obstruction |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Condition caused by progressive obstruction (occulsion) of the coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaque which results in decreased blood flow to the myocardium |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Narrowing of a heart valve which obstructs the passage of blood |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
Peripheral vascular disease - Non-specific term indicating diseases of the _____ of the extremities |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Sac-like bulging or weakening in a vessel, usually an artery, resulting from arteriosclerosis, trauma, infection, hypertension, or congenital defect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries with inflammatory changes resulting from fibrous and mineral deposits in the middle layer of the artery wall |
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Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Condition in which the normal passage of electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles is interrupted so that they beat independently of each other |
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Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Collection of fatty and other substances on the inner lining of arteries, forming atheromatous plaques, which progressively occlude the passageways and obstruct the flow of blood |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Condition which occurs when a valve loses its ability to close tightly resulting in the blood flowing back through the diseased valve into its originating chamber |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Pathology)
_____ - Swollen, distended, and knotted veins visible especially in the legs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(C, D, F, S, T)
Wall of the dilated sac consists of one or more of the layers that make up the wall of the blood vessel |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(C, D, F, S, T)
All of the layers of the vessel are ruptured and the blood is reatined by surrounding tissues |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(C, D, F, S, T)
Some of the layers of the vessel wall are ruptured and some are merely dilated |
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Definition
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|
Term
(C, D, F, S, T)
Rupture of the inner layer has permitted blood to escape between layers of the vessel wall |
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Definition
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|
Term
(C, D, F, S, T)
Involves a weak area on only one side, not the entire circumference |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Defect or hole in the interatrial septum of the heart which results in a left-to-right shunting of blood; may be well tolerated early in life byt eventually results in greaztly increased workload for the right side of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| Constriction or narrowing of the lumen of the aortic arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| Communication between the aorta and pulmonary artery, normal during fetal development, which fails to close following birth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly that combines the following structural defects; pulmonary stenosis, high ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle |
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|
Term
| Transposition of great vessels |
|
Definition
| Switch in vena cava and aorta which results in reverse circulation |
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|
Term
| Ventricular septal defect |
|
Definition
| Defect or hole in the interventricular septum allowing passage of blood from one ventricle to the other resulting in varying degrees of Cyanosis; small defects are of little importance but larger defects must usually be repaired surgically |
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Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
The _____ must be of sufficient size to contain all necessary specialized equipment for cardiovascular surgery |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
A _____ supplied with appropriate medications, supplies, defibrillator and paddles, and cardiac monitor must be in the operating room at all times |
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Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
All preoperative diagnostic test results should be on the _____ in the operating room |
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Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
The patient awaiting surgery may exhibit a great deal of _____. The team members should prepare for this and respond in t a therapeutic manner |
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Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
The patient is positioned on a _____ blanket on the OR table making sure all pressure points are well padded and the body is in alignment. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
Pressure monitoring catheters, such as those meaasuring arterial and venous lines, are usually inserted _____ anesthesia induction and intubation. A left atrial pressure line is inserted after the chest is open |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
An indwelling _____ is usually inserted to monitor renal function, especially during and after cardiopulmonary bypass |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
Thermistor probes maybe be placed in the esophagus, nasopharynx and/or _____ to monitor body temparature during the procedure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
An adequate supply of blood for replacement must be available _____ the procedure |
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Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
The draping procedure for most cardiovascular surgeries is quite extensive and will be dictated by the type of surgery and preference of the _____. Many drpae sheets may be used |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
Most cardiovascular procedures require a great number and variety of instruments, including basic laparotomy, _____ instruments, and specialized cardiovascular instruments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
Since many different drugs may be present on the back table, it is extremely important to _____ each one |
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Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiovascular Surgery)
Multiple _____ may be obtained during the procedure, particularly a coronary artery bypass graft. These must be kept separate on the back table and labeled as necessary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List four specialzed instruments for cardiovascular surgery |
|
Definition
| General and thoracic instruments, cardiovascular scissors (Pots-Smith) |
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|
Term
(Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
Cardiopulmonary bypass is the method used to _____ from the heart and lungs to allow the surgeon to performs surgery on the heart or great vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
The basic equipment required includes the pump-oxygenator which colelcts the blood, filters and _____ it, and returns it to the body. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
(Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
Venous blood is drained to the pump-oxygenator through cannulas placed in the _____ via a small incisions in the right atrium |
|
Definition
| inferior/superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
(Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
The blood passes through the pump-oxygenator and heat exchanger, and the oxygenated blood is returned from the pump to systemic arterial circulation via the _____ which has been placed in the ascending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repair of an ascending aortic aneurysm |
|
Definition
| Removal of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta; resected portion of the aorta is replaced with a prosthetic graft |
|
|
Term
| Repair of Tetrology of Fallot |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Repair of transposition of the great vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart valve is excised and replaced with a prosthetic valve |
|
|
Term
| Closure of an atrial or ventricular septal defect |
|
Definition
| Surgical correction of a defect or hole in the interatrial or interventricular septum closed with a primary closure or a prosthetic patch |
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery bypass graft |
|
Definition
| Involves bypassing the occluded segment or segments of one or both coronary arteries using an autogenous vein or artery graft |
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|
Term
(Does not require Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
Closure of a patent ductus arteriosus - Closure of an abnormal communication between the _____ and _____ by suture ligation or division of the ductus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Does not require Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
Repair of _____ of the aorta - Excision of a constricted segment of the aorta followed by an end-to-end anastomosis, with or without a graft, to reestablish continuity of the aorts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Does not require Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
Insertion of permanent pacemaker - Implantation of a _____ and electrode to initiate atrial and/or ventricular contraction |
|
Definition
| pulse generator, (Endocardio electropes are generally advanced through the jugular or cephalic vein |
|
|
Term
| (Does not require Cardiopulmonary Bypass)Insertion of _____ - Implantation of pulse generator, myocardial patches, and sensing electrodes to deliver electronis shock to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Does not require Cardiopulmonary Bypass)
_____ - Method of treating coronary artery narrowing using a balloon-tipped catheter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Results of preoperative tests should be available in room before surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Arterial pressure lines and CVP monitoring may be performed depending on the type of surgery and the patient's physiological status |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Indwelling urinary catheters are rarely used for procedures that involve clamping the aorta above the renal arteries |
|
Definition
| False, Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used for procedures that involve clamping the aorta above the renal arteries |
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Since peripheral vascular procedures are very shorts, the use of a hyper/hypothermia unit is not necessary |
|
Definition
| False, Since peripherl vascular procedures are very lengthy the use of a hyper/hypothermia unit is recommended |
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Special attention must be given in positioning the patient undergoing peripheral vascular surgery, due to the patient's impaired circulation. Proper skeletal alignment as well as providing proper support and padding will prevent injury to patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Considerable variations exist in drpaing the peripheral vascular patient depending on the type of procedure and surgeon preference |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(T or F; Peripheral Vascular Surgery)
Filtering devices such as umbrellas and clips are used to stop the flow of blood during surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy with graft |
|
Definition
| Removal of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and the insertion of a synthetic prosthesis to restore continuity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthetic bifurcated graft from aorta to the femoral arteries to bypass sections that are occluded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| implantation of a synthetic bifurcated graft from the aorta to the iliac arteries to bypass sections occluded by athersclerotic plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remocal of a blood clot from an artery using an embolectomy fogarty catheter in order to restore circulation to the part supplied by the artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insertion into the arm a shunting device to facilitate hemodyalasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal of arteriosclerotic plaque from an obstructed carotid artery in order to restore circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Implantation of an aritificial or autogenous graft into the femoral and popliteal arteries for treatment of arteriosclerotic disease of the femoral artery |
|
|
Term
| High ligation of saphernous vein with or without excision |
|
Definition
| ligation of saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the saphenous vein and its branches to treat varicose veins of the leg(s) which relieves pain and prevent ulceration and/or bleeding |
|
|
Term
(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy with Graft implantation)
What area(s) need(s) to be prepped?
1. Abdomen only
2. Abdomen, groin, and both anterior legs to the knees
3. Abdomen, groin, and both anterior lefs to the toes
4. Abdomen, groin, and only the anterior leg that will donate graft. |
|
Definition
| 2. Abdomen, groin, and bother anterior legs to the knees |
|
|
Term
(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy with Graft implantation)
Incision is made from _____ and control bleeding
1. Xiphoid process to umbilicus
2. Xiphoid process to symphysis pubes
3. Umbilicus to symphysis |
|
Definition
| 2. Xiphoid process to symphysis pubes |
|
|
Term
(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy with Graft implantation)
A _____ syringe with a _____ needle is used to obtain blood from the aorta above the aneurysm for preclotting the graft
1. 15 cc, 26 gauge
2. 30 cc, 26 gauge
3. 15 cc, 18 gauge
4. 30 cc, 18 gauge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy with Graft implantation)
Anesthesiologist gives _____ intravenously prior to the clamping of the iliac arteries
1. Epinephrine
2. Lidocaine
3. Heparin sodium
4. Protamine sulfate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy with Graft implantation)
Which wall of an aortic aneurysm is excised (Using Metsenbaums)
1. Anterior
2. Posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy with Graft implantation)
The gradt is anastomosed to the aorta using _____ vascular suture
1. Absorbable
2. Nonabsorbable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Carotid Endarterectomy)
Areas to be prepped include
1. Ear to shoulder and right or left arm
2. Ear to abdomen (umbilicus) and right or left leg.
3. Ear to axilla and right or left leg
4. Axilla to abdomen and right or left arm |
|
Definition
| 3. Ear to axilla and right of left leg (in case of bypass) |
|
|
Term
(Carotid Endarterectomy)
Surgeon makes vertical incision along the anterior border of the
1. Sternocleidomastoid
2. Deltoids
3. Temporalis
4. Pectoralis major |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Carotid Endarterectomy)
Plaque is removed from the following blood vessels during this procedure.
1. Thyroid arteries
2. Carotid arteries
3. Carotid veins
4. Vagus arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(Carotid Endarterectomy)
After removing plaque, surgeon irrigates artery with:
1. Normal saline
2. Sterile water
3. Heparized saline
4. Thrombin |
|
Definition
|
|
