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Definition
| A term used to characterize tissue that shows disorganized, uncontrolled growth (cancer). Malignant tissue has potential to spread locally or to distant areas of the body. It is then termed metastatic |
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Definition
| An instrument used to measure blood pressure. |
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| Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) |
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| a microbiological study in which cells or fluid are allowed to incubate. Then they are tested for infection and to see what antibacterial agents they are sensitive to. |
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Definition
| A technique that uses ultrasonic waves to measure blood flow in a vessel. |
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| A term used to characterize a tumor that does not have the capability to spread to other parts of the body and usually is composed to tissue similar to its tissue of origin. |
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| A measurement of the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure. This can be a significant sign of metabolic disturbance |
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Definition
Blood test commonly performed to measure metabolic markers such as electrolytes and other essential elements.
Blood glucose, carbon dioxide, creatinine, urea nitrogen, bicarbonate, and electrolytes |
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| Sudden onset of disease or trauma or disease of short duration, usually 3 weeks or less. |
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| Inherited antigens found on the surface of an individual’s red blood cells. These antigens identify the blood group (ie. Type A blood has type A antigens). Also known as blood types |
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Definition
The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels during ventricular cardiac contraction.
This is the first sound you hear when the blood is returning to the artery during blood pressure monitoring |
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| Complete Blood Count (CBC) |
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Definition
| A blood test that measures specific components, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells and white blood cells. |
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Definition
| Cardinal signs of well being; temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure. These are measured to assess a patient’s basic metabolic status. |
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Definition
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| A diagnostic technique that uses radiofrequency signals and magnetic energy to produce images. |
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Term
Electrocardiogram
(ECG in the US)
(EKG in Europe) |
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Definition
| A non-invasive assessment of the heart’s electrical activity. In the US, electrocardiograms is abbreviated ECG. EKG Is the European abbreviation. |
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Definition
| Assessing a part of the body by feeling the outline, density, movement, or other attributes. |
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Definition
| A process in which biopsy tissue is frozen, sliced, and examined microscopically. |
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Definition
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A substance that is impenetrable by x-rays (gamma radiation)
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Definition
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Medical Assessment of body cavities using a fiberoptic lensed instrument (endoscope)
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Definition
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A section of tissue removed by cutting (excising) and submitted for pathological analysis
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Definition
| A radiological technique that provides real-time images of an anatomical region. |
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Definition
| An international method of classifying tissue to determine the level of metastasis. |
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Definition
| Removal of a sample of tissue for pathological analysis |
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Definition
| A medical or nursing procedure in which the skin is broken or a body cavity is entered. |
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Definition
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An imaging study that allows physicians to obtain cross sectional radiographic views of the patient. The result is a CT scan or computed axial tomography (CAT) scan.
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Definition
| The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the vessels during the resting phase of the cardiac cycle. This is the last sound you hear when monitoring blood pressure. |
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Definition
Blood tests used to determine serum levels of substances crucial for metabolism.
- Blood glucose
- Carbon Dioxide
- Creatinine
- Urea nitrogen
- bicarbonate
- electrolytes
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Term
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Definition
Performed to determine coagulation
Broken into 2 categories: extrinsic (tissue level) and intrinsic (vascular level)
PT - Prothrombin Time tests for the amount of time it takes for blood to clot (20-35 sec avg)
PTT - Partial thromboplastin time tests the functional ability of the coagulation sequence |
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| ABG (Arterial Blood Gases) |
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Definition
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen measured and provide an assessment of the pt's ventilatory capacity. Oxygen Saturation is the amount of oxygen attached to hemoglobin and available to the cells.
Blood taken from the atrial artery and must be kept cold to maintain the accuracy of results |
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Definition
Decreased Potassium
- Necessary for transmission of nerve impulses to skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
- Converts carbs for cellular energy
- Critical in maintaining osmolality in the cells
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Definition
Decreased Sodium
- Responsible for body and cellular fluids
- critical role in the transport of substances into and out of the cell
- binds with specific negatively charged electrolytes to maintain blood pH
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Definition
Low blood calcium
- Found in cells and extracellular fluid
- Promotes myocardial contraction
- Converts thrombin into prothrombin (blood clotting mechanism)
- Cell permeability
- necessary for development and maintenance of bone tissue
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Definition
Positively Charged Electrolytes
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Calcium
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Definition
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| 3/4 Point System for Pulse is: |
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Definition
Bounding = +3
Normal = +2
Weak = +1
Absent = 0 |
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| Formula for recording pulse |
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Definition
| Fingers (not thumb) on radial pulse and count beats in 30 seconds then multiply by 2 |
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Definition
the following are found in the CBC:
- Evaluates type and % of normal components in blood
- Hemoglobin (Hgb) - oxygen carrying protein that attaches to red blood cells
- Erthorocytes Count (Red Blood Cells) - Major portion of peripheral blood. Produced in bone marrow. Live about 120 days. Function is to deliver oxygen to the cells
- Hematocrit (Hct) - % of RBD in the blood (Blood Volume)
- Platelet Count - important in clotting
- Differential leukocyte count - WBC for immune process. Measures the # of each type of leukocyte in the volume of blood.
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| What are the 5 methods of assessing temperature? |
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Definition
- Oral - avg. normal temp - 98.6 (range 96.4-99.1)
- Rectal - avg. .7-1 degree higher than oral
- Tympanic - Most commonly used in hospital setting.
- Axillary - 0.5=1 degree lower than oral
- Forehead/skin - Varies with environmental changes - NOT RELIABLE
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| Normal Rate of Respiration Healthy Adult |
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Definition
| 12-20 breaths per minutes |
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MAP
Mean Arterial Pressure |
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Definition
| The average amount of pressure exerted throughout the cardiac cycle |
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Definition
| 1 complete heart cycle represented by a series of waves, which have characteristic peaks, troughs, and duration. |
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Definition
Measures the electrical activity of the heart and displays it on a graph
12 Lead for a complete assessment
3 Lead for a simple assessment |
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Definition
| Contrast medium injected into the biliary tree. Outlines ducts for suspected stones,tumors or dilation |
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Definition
| Contrast medium injected into cardio-vascular system to determine areas of strictures or other anomalies of blood flow in vessels |
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Definition
| Contrast Medium injected into subarachnoid space for visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots |
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Definition
| Contrast Medium instilled into the urinary tract to visualize the Kidneys, ureters, and bladder. To identify strictures, stones, tumors or other anomalies of the urinary system |
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Definition
Barium is the radiopaque medium that is ingested and/or instilled to fill and outline the structures.
- Upper GI - identifies problems in esophagus, stomach and small intestines
- Lower GI - identifies problems in the large intestines, distal colon and rectum. Medium is instilled in the distal colon and rectum
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Term
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Definition
Combines radiography with an image intensifier that is visible in normal lighting
Images are seen in real-time
Used in conjunction with the Mobile C-Arm which takes multiple images. |
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