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SS Chapter 5
Demand and Supply
28
Economics
9th Grade
02/24/2009

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Term
demand
Definition
The quantity of a good or service that consumers are both willing and abl eto buy at various prices.
Term
law of demand
Definition
an econonomic law stating that as the price of a good or services increases, the quanitity demanded decreases, and vise versa.  Generally consumers are happier to buy goods and services at lower prices than a higher prices.
Term
substitute goods
Definition
A product that satisfies the same basic want as another product.  Substitute goods may be used in place of one another.
Term
complimentary good
Definition
A product that is used or consumed jointly with another product.  Such a good usually has more value when paired with its complement than when used separately.
Term
supply
Definition
The quantity of a good or services that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at various prices.
Term
law of supply
Definition
An economic law stating that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity supplied increases, and vice versa.  Generally, producers are happier to offer goods and services at higher prices than at lower prices.
Term
revenue
Definition
The amount of money a firm receives in the course of doing business.  Revenue is calculated by multiplying the quantity sold by the price. 
Term
elasticity
Definition
A measure of the degree to which the quantity demanded or supplied of a good or service changes in response to a change in price. 
Term
quantity demanded
Definition
The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a specific price.
Term
demand schedule
Definition
A table or chart that lists the quantities of a good that one person will buy at a specific price.
Term
demand curve
Definition
A graph that shows the relationship between price and the quantity that buyers are willing and able to buy.
Term
market demand
Definition
The sum of all the individual demands in a market.
Term
change in quantity demanded
Definition
Any movement--a change in price--that causes a change in the quantity demanded.
Term
change in demand
Definition
A change that occurs when quantities demanded increase or decrease at all prices.
Term
demand shifters
Definition
Any (of 6 causes) that are able to create a change in demand for a good or service.
Term
quantity supplied
Definition
The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at a specific price.
Term
supply schedule
Definition
A table or chart that shows the quantities supplied at different prices in a market.
Term
supply curve
Definition
A line/curve that shows the relationship between the price and the quantity that producers are willing and able to supply.
Term
market supply
Definition
The sum of all the individual quantities supplied.  When economists refer to supply, they are usually referring to market supply.
Term
change in quantity supplied
Definition
Any movement along the supply curve and this movement is caused only by a change in price.
Term
change in supply
Definition
A change in supply--which can cause prices to increase or decrease--like a change in the number of producers--can change or shift the supply curve to a new position.
Term
subsidy
Definition
A cash payment aimed at helping a producer to continue to operate.  Ex. farmers
Term
excise tax
Definition
A sales tax on the manufacture or sale of a good--it's an additional sales tax that adds to the cost of an item.  Examples: gas, alcohol, tobacco
Term
elasticity of demand
Definition
A measure of consumers' senstitivity to a change in price.
Term
inelastic
Definition
demand for necessities like toothpaste, that responds slightly or not at all to a change in price
Term
elastic
Definition
a response to a change in price that can cause a change in the amount produced
Term
total revenue test
Definition
a measure or tool that helps producers price their products at a level that maximizes their revenue
Term
supply chain
Definition
a network of people, organizations, and activities involved in supplying goods and services to consumers
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