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| Main Location of Renaissance |
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| art, literature, and architecture |
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| Key Person(Family) in Renaissance |
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| Main Theme of Machiavelli's book |
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| how to exploit others to get what you want |
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| Renaissance Man and founder of modern political science |
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1. life should be different in public and private
2. there is an occasiona need for the methodical exercise of brute force, deceit |
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originally a catholic monk who later went against catholicism
wrote 95 theses |
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get to heaven by works- catholics
get to heaven by grace- protestants |
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| Who opposed the reformation? |
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| key beliefs of Roman Catholicism |
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| key beliefs of Lutheranism |
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| founded on teachings of Martin Luther |
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| religous teachings based on ideas of John Calvin |
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| key beliefs of Anglicanism |
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| relates to Church of England |
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| doctrine God has decided all things before hand including who will be eternally saved |
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| church worried if people knew church was wrong about universe they'd question other things in church |
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| contributions of Descartes |
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Scientific Method
mathmatical |
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| Heliocentric vs. geocentric |
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g- universe centered around earth
h- universe is centered around sun |
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| How did Scientific Revolution conflict with the church? |
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| brought a new way of thinking about natural world including the heliocentric theory |
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| Cause of scientific revolution |
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new way of thinking about natural world
traveling and new inventions |
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| What challenge did Russia not face? |
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| Factors that weakened Spanish Empire |
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Inflation
taxes
Dutch Revolt |
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| Why was the Spanish Armada used by Philip II? |
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| Defend Catholicism against Muslims and protests |
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| God created monarchy and the monarchy is God's representative on Earth |
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| What is one way monarchs did not use to secure their power in an absolute monarchy? |
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| Rulers gave powerto people to spread power |
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| Decleration of Religous Tolerance |
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| Basically ruler of France |
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| What were the two sides in the English War? |
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| Protestants and Royalists |
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| grievences against monarchy |
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| they should be punished but not severely |
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Life liberty Property
right to overthrow government
in Decleration of Independence |
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| women's rights and education |
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Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Religion |
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Direct Democracy
Public votes |
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| decided to make nobles pay taxes to solve money problem |
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| proclaim end of monarchy and the begining of a new government |
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| National assembly swore to continue to meet unril new constitution is created |
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mob of commoners attack Bastille(armory/prison) in paris and took it apart piece by piece
official start of French Revolution |
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| One main change made by the National Assembly |
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| Decleration of the Rights of Man and the citizen |
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| insisted on equal rights for all citizens |
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minister of justice
created Jacobin |
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| group devoted to rights of people |
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| in charge of Reign of Terror |
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Robespierre
widespread attack on anyone thought to be an enemy the the French Revlution
killed by guilletine |
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Progression of Government in France
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| monarchy- National Assembly- Consitution of 1795 (2 branches) |
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| Main Causes of French Revolution |
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Social Crisis
Financial Crisis
Political Crisis |
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| Problems with Italian Unification |
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Nationalist wanted unity but regional differences worked against them
Austria ruled Northern Italy and Catholics ruled Central Italy |
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"the soul"
his writings brought inspiration to Italy
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"the brain"
strengthened economy |
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"the sword"
led volunteer army |
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| 3 wars of German unification |
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Prussian-Danish War
Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War |
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appinted Prime Minister in 1862
leader of Germany when Germany becomes unified |
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| heir of Austria Hungary assacinated |
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| 4 main causes of WWI- their definition and significance |
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Militaism- glorifying military powr and keeping an army prepared for war
Alliances- Triple Alliance=Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy & Triple Entente= France, Great Britain, Russia
Imperialism-
Nationalism- deep devotion to ones country |
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| Allies vs. Central Powers |
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A= France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy
CP= Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire |
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| What new weapons were developed during WWI and how did they impact warfare in WWI? |
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Machine Gun- did not work well with trench warfare because it caused more casuaties
Chemical gas- caused death burns or even temporary blindness
Airplanes- used to drop bombs, spy, and fight in air occasionally
Tanks
U-boats
flame throwers
Artillery guns- for long range |
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| What was life like in the trenches? |
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| German plan to avoid a two front war by taking out France 1st then Russia |
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| Some of the US boats were sinking because of the U-boats |
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| German submarines unsed to sink ships and they were a convoy system used in defense |
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| stretch of land between opposing sides trenches |
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| Propaganda (define, purpose, and technique) |
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win over public opinion and keep support of war
special appeals, word games, false connections |
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Key player in ending WWI
President of USA |
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Key player in ending WWI
From Britain |
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key player in ending WWI
from France |
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| Basis of the 14 points peace plan |
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| treaties, Freedom of the seas, Freee trade, Colonies, Boundries, League of Nations |
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| Treaty of Versailles (problems) |
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BLAME- Germany accepts all blame
REPARATION- 10.03 million dollars
ARMY- little to none our of Rhineland
TERRITORY- German colonies given to Britain |
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| 7 key traits of Totaltarism |
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Ideology-set goals for state
Dynamic Leader- unites people
Dictatorship and one party rule- absolute authority
State Control of Society- youthgroup,buisness,education
Modern Technology- mass communication to spread propaganda
Methods of Enforcement- police terror, persecution
State Control Individuals- demands loyalty |
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5 examples of current Totalitarian regimes
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Afghanastan
Cuba
North Korea
Laos
Vietnam |
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major leader of Bolsheviks
engaging personality and excelleing organizer
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long buisness slump, leading cause stock market crash
factory production cut in 1/2, buisnesses failed, banks closed, farmers lost land |
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| Short Term Causes of the Global Depression |
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stock market crash
bank demands repayment of loans
Americans no longer live loans to other countries
Buisness and factories fail
high tarriffs |
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| Long term causes of Global Depression |
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huge debt from WWI
Europe depends on American loans
widespread use of credit
overproduction of goods with decline in demand |
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| long term effects of Global Depression |
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Nazis take control of Germany
Scapegoats are blamed for economy (mainly Jews)
Fascist leaders gain control of Eastern Europe
WWII begins |
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| Short term effects of Global Depression |
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vast unemployment and misery
bank failures and collapse of credit
loss of faith in capitalism and democracy
Authoritarian leaders gain support |
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Global Economic Depression
weakness of other nations
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(Hitlers Book)
propaganda, jews responsible for troubles in Germany |
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Union between Germany and Austria
in this event Hitler breaks union |
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| strip of land between Germany and France where there should be no military- Hitler broke this |
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| signed with Stalin then Hitler backfires |
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| the idea that they should give him what he wants and he will stop |
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| Hitlers war tactics (overwhelmed enemy) |
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| Date of the Invasion of Poland |
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Gemany occupied Northern France
Vichey created |
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June 4,1944
All beaches except Omaha went well
British, AMerican, and Canadian troops |
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| turning point for allied sources in pacific |
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Y= avaid making mistakes that would lead to US involvement
nations could buy goods and arms from the US if they paid for them and transported them on their owen ships |
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| Decision to drop the atomic bomb |
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cost of human lives in going into Japan
only 2 and they were a lot of money
Japan not responding to their warning |
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strict restricions on nazis
money from idividual zones
unconditional surrender in Japan
Free election in Poland ASAP |
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