Term
| Know the structures that comprise the periodontium and the functions of the tooth |
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Definition
Gingival: Provides a tissue seal around the cervical portion of the tooth(neck) Holds the tissue against the tooth during mastication Periodontal Ligament: Suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket Alveolar: Surrounds and supports the root of the tooth Root cementum: Anchors the end of the periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth so that the tooth stays in its socket
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Term
| Recognize the different areas of the gingival |
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Definition
Free gingival…unattached Gingival sulcus Interdental gingiva Attached gingival Normal gingival
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Term
| Distinguish between free and attached gingival |
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Definition
| The unattached portion (free gingiva) of the gingival that surrounds the tooth in the region of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) this area is also known as the unattached or marginal gingival. The free gingiva is made up of gum tissue between the gingival margin and the free gingival groove on the outer surface. The outer surface that can be seen is called the free gingival well the inner surface is the sulcus.The attached gingiva is the part of gingiva that is tightly connected to the cementum on the cervical 1/3 of the root and to the periosteum (connective tissue that covers the alveolar bone). The attached gingiva lay’s between the free gingiva and the alveolar mucosa. |
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Term
| Recognize stippling and explain why it has the appearance |
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Definition
| In healthy attached gingiva may have a dimpled appearance. Healthy tissue may or may not appear stippled. This is caused by the presence of the connective fibers that attach the gingival tissues to the cementum and bone. |
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Term
| Understand the difference between “thin” vs. “thick” tissue and the implications |
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Definition
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Term
Why is the gingiva not measuredon the palate? |
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Definition
| The attached gingiva is not measured on the palate since its impossible to determine where the attached gingiva ends and the palate mucosa begins |
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Term
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Definition
| Located on the apical boundary or lower edge of the gingiva. It can be distinguished easily from the gingiva by its dark red color and smooth shiny surface. Nonkertinized stratified squamous epithelium. Loose, freely movable, highly vascular, made up of elastic fibers |
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Term
| Describe Masticatory mucosa |
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Definition
| Kertinized stratified squamous epithelium. Lighter shade of pink covering the hard palate. Its also part of the periodontal ligament. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the periodontal ligament? |
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Definition
| A soft connective layer of tissue that covers the root of the tooth and attaches it to the bone of the root socket.Support, sensory, nutritive, formative, resorptive |
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Term
| Differentiate between cementum and enamel |
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Definition
| Cementum: Is a thin layer of hard mineralized tissue that covers the surface of the root. It is part of the periodontium. Hard mineralized tissue made up of 45-50% inorganic hydroxyapatite.Void of blood a nerve supply usually yellow in color.Enamel: 96% hydroxyapatitie 4% water |
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Term
| Know the different aspects of the alveolar bone |
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Definition
Bone of the upper and lower jaw that surrounds and supports the roots of the teeth. Dependent on the presences of teeth forming the dental sockets. Made up of three layers alveolar bone or cribriform plate and 1 layer of connective tissue. 1. alveolar bone proper 2. Cortical bone 3. Cancellous bone 4. Periosteum |
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Term
| Fenestration vs. Dehiscence |
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Definition
| Fenestration: A round or oval defect or opening in the alveolar cortical plate of bone over the root surface caused by normally defect of bone during formation, can be related to osteoporosis, poor quality, health bone relationshipDehiscence: Cleft defect in the cortical bone which includes the margin of the bone caused by: Prominent root contour, malalignment of teeth, loss of attached gingiva, severe periodontal disease, abscess, cyst, defects of the cortical bone |
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Term
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Definition
| •AKA lamina propria •Beneath epithelium•Connective fibers•Fibroblasts•Blood vessels•Ground substance•More extracellular matrix than cells |
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Term
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Definition
•Epithelial tissue has stratified squamous epithelium • Lines oral cavity •Keratinized or parakeratinized except in the Sulcular epithelium where it is nonkeratinized •Contains rete pegs AKA epithelial ridges •NO blood vessels •More cells than extracellular matrix
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Term
| Name 2 types of cell junctions |
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Definition
Desmosomes: Cell to Cell Hemidesmossomes: Cell to basal lamina |
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Term
| What 3 things compose connective tissue |
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Definition
fibroblasts: fiber builders macrophages/neutrophils: phagocytes lymphocytes: immune response |
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Term
| List the 7 types of connective tissue |
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Definition
loose connective cartilage bone bone marrow tonsiles/lymph nodes fat dental tissue(cementum, dentin, pulp)
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Term
What type of tissue makes up enamel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the benefit of a wavy boundary between epithelial and connective tissue? |
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Definition
Increase surface area..... - increasing adhesion
- increasing nourishment
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Term
Gingival tissue is specialized to function in a wet environment because it is made up of......... and those 3 areas are called? |
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Definition
...........Stratified squamous epithelium oral epithelial sulcular epithelial junctional epithelial
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Term
| Of the 3 epithelial tissues which are keratinized and which are not? |
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Definition
JE and SE are nonkeratinized OE is keratinized |
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Term
| In health the interface between both the sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium and the connective tissue is....? |
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Definition
| Smooth with no wavy epithelial ridges |
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Term
| What is the average thickness of the junctional epithelium? |
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Definition
| .71 - 1.35 mm. The coronal portion is about 15 to 30 cells thick and narrows down to 4 to 5 cells at the apex |
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Term
| Where would you find the internal basal lamina and the external basal lamina? |
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Definition
| internal would be against the teeth external would be towards the connective tissue |
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Term
What is the hemidesmosomes in epithelial tissue around the coronal and apical portins of the teeth? |
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Definition
4-8 hemidesmosomes per micron in the coronal portion 2 hemidesmosomes in the apical region |
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Term
| Gingival connective tissue is also known as......... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the biggest difference between epithelial tissue and connective tissue as far as tissue layout goes? |
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Definition
epithelial tissue is composed of mostly cells with just a few extracellular matrix connective tissue is composed of mostly extracellular matrix (95%) and just a few cells(5%) |
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Term
| Of the mostly extracellular matrix found in connective tissue what 2 materials make up 65% and #5% respectively? |
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Definition
65% is protein fibers ie. collagen 35% gellike material |
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Term
| What makes up the dentogingival unit? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the names of the 7 supragingival fiber bundles? |
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Definition
Circular intercircular transgingival intergingival transseptal interpapillary dentogingival |
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Term
What 3 cells make up the PDL? |
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Definition
fibroblasts cementoblasts osteoblasts |
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Term
| What are the names of the 5 fibers that make up the PDL? |
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Definition
Alveolar crest Horizontal Oblique apical interradicular
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Term
| What are Sharpey's fibers? |
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Definition
| Fingerlike projections off of the PDL that adhear to the cementum and alveolar the harden when they become intrapped in the bone that forms around them |
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Term
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Definition
| a calcified layer that covers the root surface |
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Term
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Definition
overlap 60% cementum overlaps the enamel meet 30% the cementum and enamel meet gap 10% a small gap between the enamel and cementum
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