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| 1. Advertising: Any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, images, goods, or services |
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| 2. Banner advertisements: Promotional messages appearing on the Internet, usually at the top of web sites |
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| 3. Bus/Car wrap: A form of out-of-home advertising; involves partially or completely covering a vehicle with an advertisement, turning the bus or car into a mobile billboard |
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| 3. Bus/Car wrap: A form of out-of-home advertising; involves partially or completely covering a vehicle with an advertisement, turning the bus or car into a mobile billboard |
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| 4. Channels of distribution: Paths, or routes, that goods or services take from the producer to the ultimate consumer or industrial user |
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| 5. Convenience products: Goods and services purchased quickly and without much thought or effort |
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| 6. Dealer incentive: A limited-time discount offered by a manufacturer to its intermediaries to prompt them to purchase and/or further promote the manufacturer’s products to customers |
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| 8. Direct mail: Promotional medium that comes to customers’ homes and businesses in the form of letters, catalogs, postcards, faxes, folders, and e-mails |
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| 9. Growth stage: The product life cycle stage in which sales rise rapidly |
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| 10. Intermediaries: Channel members operating between the producer and the consumer or industrial user to help in the movement of goods and services |
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| 11. Introductory stage: The product life cycle stage when the product first appears in the marketplace |
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| 12. Maturity stage: The product life cycle stage in which sales peak and then increase at a slower rate or start to decline |
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| 13. Media: The message channels used by a seller to promote a good, service, or idea, e.g., radio, television, newspapers, magazines, Internet |
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| 14. Merchandising allowance: A price reduction offered to intermediaries; often used to entice intermediaries to purchase a particular product or to reimburse intermediaries for their marketing costs |
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| 15. Paid listings: Online advertisements that appear near the top of search engine results; may appear to the right of regular listings; often referred to as “sponsored” or “featured” results |
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| 16. Pay-per-click link: An online advertisement placed by advertisers who pay their web host a fixed amount each time someone clicks on the ad |
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| 17. Personal selling: The form of promotion that determines client needs and wants and responds through planned, personalized communication that influences purchase decisions and enhances future business opportunities |
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| 18. Product life cycle: The stages through which goods and services move from the time they are introduced on the market until they are taken off the market |
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| 19. Product placement: A type of “other” media that uses products as props in movies, television shows, and computer games |
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| 20. Promotion: A marketing function needed to communicate information about goods, services, images, and/or ideas to achieve a desired outcome a r y (cont’d) |
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| 21. Promotional mix: A combination, or blend, of marketing communication channels that a business uses to send its messages to customers (i.e., advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and publicity) |
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| 22. Publicity: Any nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services that is not paid for by the company or individual that benefits from or is harmed by it |
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| 23. Pull strategy: A promotional strategy that involves a producer promoting its products directly to the ultimate consumer or industrial user; intermediaries then purchase the products from the manufacturer to meet customer demand |
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| 24. Push strategy: A promotional strategy that involves a producer promoting its products to intermediaries; intermediaries then promote the products to customers |
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| 25. Sales promotion: Promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity that stimulate customer purchases |
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| 26. Search engine listing: An online advertisement appearing in a list of web sites generated by a search engine in response to a key word or words |
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| 27. Shopping products: Goods and services purchased after the customers compare goods and stores in order to get the best quality, price, and/or service |
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| 28. Specialty products: Goods and services with special or unique characteristics that customers are willing to exert special efforts to obtain |
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| 29. Target market: The particular group of customers a business seeks to attract |
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| 30. Ultimate consumers: People who personally use a good or service to satisfy their own wants |
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