I offered you a “secret to success” in the sport industry. What’s the secret?

“Start being a professional today!”

I suggested three things you could do to implement the "secret to success” in the sport industry. One of them is “network in the field.” Name the other two.

“Follow the news” and “Start the job search.”

Plunkett Research estimated the total value of the U.S. sport industry in 2011 as...

$422 bil

Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter spoke of the “creative destruction” of entrepreneurial capitalism. Briefly define “creative destruction.”

From the reader (p. 14): “Innovation by the entrepreneurs, argued Schumpeter, leads to gales of ‘creative destruction’ as innovations cause old inventories, ideas, technologies, skills and equipment to become obsolete….This creative destruction, he believed, causes continuous progress and improves the standard of living for everyone.”

Name the sports entrepreneur of the early 20^th century who built arenas, promoted events to fill them and broadcast the events for those who couldn’t attend in person. Name the arena that is most closely associated with him.

George “Tex” Rickard; Madison Square Garden

Sports entrepreneur Bill Rasmussen created what revolutionary sports organization?

Name two of the three major curricula sections designated by the Consortium of Entrepreneurship Education.

Choose among Entrepreneurial Skills, Ready Skills or Business Functions

Name the company that owns 80% of NESN, the New England Sports (Cable TV) Network.

Boston Red Sox

The Wisconsin Medical Journal specified four main “elements that characterize a profession.” Name two.

Choose among:

1-A systematic body of theory and knowledge

2-an enforceable code of ethics, accountability to society allows control of training

3-licensing admission to profession, etc.

4-service to profession.

List three of the eight domains in NASPE’s National Standards for Athletic Coaches.

Philosophy and Ethics

Safety and Injury Prevention

Physical Conditioning

Growth and Development

Teaching and Communication

Sports Skills and Tactics

Organization and Administration

Evaluation.

We discussed six components of the NHIAA’s coaching eligibility requirements. One eligibility requirement is paying your $25 dues. Identify three others:

-Current CPR certification

-completed approved First Aid course

-completed an approved NASPE coaching principles course or equivalent, continuing education rules program (head coach must attend 1 every 3 years at NFHS or equivalent rules meeting in his or her sport)

-Coaches have one year from hiring to comply and use of uncertified coach can lead to a forfeit, but those aren’t eligibility requirements.

TRUE or FALSE: To become a high school basketball official in New Hampshire, you must successfully complete the NASO (National Association of Sports Officials) fitness test and basketball rules course.

College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA)

We reviewed Stern’s “four components of regulatory associations.” One is “system coupling.” List the other three.

Administrative structuring

ties of dependence

control of resources

According to the Congressional Budget Office, what percentage of revenue for Div. IA (now Div. I BCS) college athletic departments is derived from commercial activity?

60 to 80%

The court case NCAA v. Board of Regents concerned:

broadcasting

broadcasting

The court case Kowalski v. Berkeley County Schools concerned:

TRUE or FALSE: The U.S. Supreme Court’s Lemon test says schools may punish students holding demonstration, protests or other activities that would in the public square be protected as free speech or the right to assemble if the activity causes a “substantial disruption” of school activities.

FALSE. “Substantial disruption” refers to the Tinker doctrine. The Lemon test bars “excessive entanglement” between church and state.

Administrative mistakes at what Olympics helped set the scene for passage of the Amateur Sports Act? Who was the head of the International Olympic Committee who decided the games would go on despite the deaths of 11 Israeli athletes in a terrorist attack on the Olympic Village?

1972 summer games in Munich; Avery Brundage

Chalip suggested five tools for analyzing policy. Two were focusing events and decision frames. Name two of the other three.

legitimation

attributions

problem definitions

The President’s Commission on Olympic Sports laid the groundwork for the Amateur Sports Act. Who was the president who appointed the commission?

Gerald R. Ford, who played football at Michigan and later coached football at Yale.

List two of the key components of the Amateur Sports Act.

establishes the USOC as coordinator of all amateur and international competition

outlines criteria for NGBs

athletes’ rights

recognition/decertification process for NGBs

places USOC in charge of both elite and developmental grassroots amateur sports

In what year did the Amateur Sports Act become law? Name the former U.S. senator whose name is attached to the law.

1978, Ted Stevens of Alaska

Five sporting goods manufacturers dominated the business between 1920 and 1970. (a) Name the company founded by the owner of the Chicago baseball team who had once been among baseball’s best pitchers. (b) Also, name the one member of the sporting goods “Big 5” that was not an American company.

(a) Spalding     (b) adidas (The company prefers all lower case, but you don’t have to)

There are two major trade associations in the sporting goods business, one representing retailers and one representing manufacturers. Which group does the NSGA represent?

NSGA (National Sporting Goods Association) represents retailers

How did retail sporting goods sales in 2010 as compare to 2009?

up 5.3%

We bought a lot of toys in 2010. According to the trade association, wholesale sporting goods sales in 2010 totaled:

$74.2 billion

Like the sporting goods industry, the folks who operate venues, arenas and stadiums, have two trade organizations. Name them (initials are okay).

IAVM-International Association of Venue Managers

IFMA-International Facilities Managers Association

The architecture firm that designed the TD Garden in Boston is:

Ellerbe Becket

The architecture firm that designed Camden Yards in Baltimore is:

HOK Sports

TRUE or FALSE: According to Sports Business Journal, state and local governments, despite concerns over local budgets, paid a higher percentage of new venue costs between 2003 and 2006 than they did between 1988 and 1999.

The NBA’s New Jersey Nets will be renamed the Brooklyn Nets and move to a new arena in the Atlantic Yards development next year. According to The Nation, how large is the state and city subsidy to the project?

The estimated construction cost of MetLife Stadium, the New York Giants and Jets’ stadium in the Meadowlands, was:

The construction cost of Cowboy Stadium in suburban Dallas, according to USA Today, was:

The city of Louisville hopes the KFC Yum! Center will revitalize its downtown. If revenues fall short of projections, how much might the city have to pay the arena developers annually starting this year, according to the Lexington Herald-Leader?

Briefly define “dynamic ticket pricing,” a new trend among pro sports teams.

Dynamic pricing “adjusts ticket prices based on supply and demand as the season goes along,” rather than today’s usual plan that, for example, puts baseball tickets on sale in January and says all these seats will be sold for $30. Come September, fans might be eager to pay $100 for those $30 seats!

I suggested there are six categories of sports media outlets. Two are television and the Internet. Name three of the other four.

radio

newspaper

magazine

books

Nielsen has divided the nation into DMAs for audience measurement purposes. How many DMAs are there?

210

We’re surveying a DMA with 500,000 TV homes. Last Saturday night, people in 200,000 households were watching TV. In 50,000 homes, they were watching the basketball game between Western Kentucky and UAB on Channel 10. What is Channel 10’s rating? What is Channel 10’s share?

Rating: 10.0

Share: 25.0

HOW TO CALCULATE:

TRUE or FALSE: The Feb. 5 Super Bowl game between the New York Giants and the New England Patriots was the highest rated sports telecast in history.

TRUE or FALSE: The Feb. 5 Super Bowl game between the New York Giants and the New England Patriots attracted more viewers than any broadcast in television history

The breakdown of boundaries between media, so newspapers now do video and audio, TV does blogs and tweets. Print and broadcast have merged thanks to the Internet.

The audience has fragmented due to the hundreds of media we can all access. More choices, smaller audiences for any one outlet.

Payments made by media organizations to obtain the right to broadcast games and/or events.

According to SI.com, how much does the NFL get from CBS, NBC, Fox and ESPN for rights to broadcast NFL games TV?

ESPN, many analysts believe, has an edge over the major networks when bidding for broadcast rights because it benefits from two distinct revenue streams. What are they?

1. Advertising revenue

           2. Monthly subscriber fees paid by cable companies

Standard method of buying media ads, count total rating points to determine size of audience that will see ad.

A standard for determining the comparative cost of advertising by breaking it down to a per exposure number.

We discussed five main objectives of corporate sponsors of sporting events. Name two.

awareness

link to a demographic/lifestyle

community image

merchandising/sale opportunities

entertain clients/staff

List two of the six key “rights” that corporations buy when they sponsor sporting events.

Use of Logo/Image of the Event/Product

Placement of own Corporate Image/Logo at/on Event/Product

Right to an Official Designation

Right of Service (Pouring, Supplying)

Right to Conduct Promos/Sales Activitiesor Possible Exclusive Association for Any/All of Above

Name the leading sport marketing firm founded by Mark McCormack.

TRUE or FALSE: Retail sales of sports cards soared from $300 million in 1991 to $1.1 billion in 2005.

TRUE or FALSE: Topps is the only company authorized to sell baseball cards with pictures of big league stars.

Name the leading firm that grades and authenticates trading cards, autographs and tickets for the secondary market.

PSA (Professional Sports Authenticators)

What was the FBI investigating in the criminal investigation called Operation Foul Ball?

The feds were probing fraud in the sports memorabilia business – primarily phony autographs, but they also looked at counterfeit cards, game-used equipment that really wasn’t and the like. The FBI estimated up to 80% of the autographs on the market at the time were bogus. Since many autograph sales were conducted across state lines using the US Mail and electronic bank transfers, we’re talking big time federal crimes. Operation Foul Ball (and a related probe dubbed Operation Bullpen) broke up more than a dozen phony memorabilia companies and resulted in more than 50 convictions.

IHRSA is the leading trade organization of for-profit health & fitness clubs. Name IHRSA’s president/chief executive officer:

According to IHRSA’s report “Top Health Club Trends for 2012,” the number individuals who are members of U.S. health clubs is (in millions):

There are five categories of sport tourism. Two are events and attractions. Name two others.

resorts

cruises

tours

According to Arizona tourism association figures, the economic impact of 2008 college football bowl games on the Arizona economy was:

$216 mil

John Crompton suggested economic impact analyses could be “instruments for political shenanigans” due to misuse of data and definitions. How does Crompton define a “time-switcher”?

“Some nonlocal visitors may have been planning a visit to the community for some time but changed the timing of their visit to coincide with a tourism event….The spending…of these time-switchers should not be attributed to the event because the spending would have likely occurred without the event.” E.g.: “Let’s wait until spring training to visit Grandma in Florida.”

TRUE or FALSE: According to the National Ski Areas Association, the number of ski areas operating in the U.S. declined from about 1,000 to 622 between 1988 and 2010.

FALSE. That was the decline from 1961 to 1988

Name the public relations man responsible for selling Sun Valley, the Idaho ski resort, when it opened during the Great Depression.

Steve Hannagan

The executive director of the Women’s Sports Foundation from 1992 to 2007 was:

Donna Lopiano

The current executive director of the Women’s Sports Foundation is:

Karen Durkin 

The Amateur Athletic Union was the nation’s sole official link to the international Olympic movement until 1978. What federal law changed that relationship?

The Amateur Sports Act of 1978

TRUE or FALSE: Although the two sports organizations were long rivals, the AAU national office today is in Indianapolis, three miles from the NCAA’s headquarters!

FALSE. The AAU lives in Orlando, which is much more pleasant in February

Roughly how many athletes compete in state games?

400,000

TRUE or FALSE: The membership of the NHIAA consists of every public and private high school in the state of New Hampshire.

FALSE.  Not every private school is a member. Most parochial schools are members while most independent schools are not.

TRUE or FALSE: The membership of the NFHS consists of public high schools in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia.

FALSE. As with the NHIAA, some private schools are affiliated with the NFHS, too.

The executive director of the NHIAA is:

Pat Corbin

The executive director of the NFHS is:

Bob Gardner

The current number of NHIAA member schools is approximately:

90

The current number of NFHS member schools is approximately:

18,500

According to the NFHS, schools in how many states charged “pay to play” fees to students in 2009 to offset the cost of athletics?

33

According to the NFHS, what boys high school sport has the most teams?

Basketball

Again according to the NFHS, what girls high school sport has the most participants?

Track & Field – what the rest of the world calls “athletics.”

In what year was Title IX passed by Congress? Name the president who signed Title IX into law.

1972. Richard M. Nixon

Name the advocacy organization most often associated with Dr. Bernice Sandler credited with building support for Title IX.

Women’s Equity Action League (WEAL)

The government established a so-called three-prong test of Title IX compliance in 1979 – the first of several evolving standards that have been implemented over the years. List the three prongs in order of importance.

1) Strict proportionality in financial aid (scholarships)

2) Equivalence in other benefits and opportunities, such as equipment, facilities, administrative support, travel, etc.

3) Effective accommodation of interests and abilities. (If you can prove none of your male students have the slightest interest in playing any sports, you can spend it all on women and be off the hook!

The third prong’s test may be met by meeting one of three standards. List them.

1) Participation – the number of athletes, not the financial aid dollars - is proportional to enrollment, so if you have 55% women and 55% of your athletes are female…

2) History of meeting interests and abilities. See above. How you accurately determine interest remains an issue of contention.

3) Other proof of accommodation, sometimes interpreted as “a continuing practice of program expansion” or “we’re working on it and making progress!”

TRUE or FALSE: To comply fully with Title IX, every NCAA college must divide its athletics budget equally between male and female athletes, half for men and half for women.

FALSE! Spending should be proportional – and few colleges are 50/50. If you have 57% women, 43% men, that’s how the budget pie should be divided.

Soon after Title IX was enacted, Congress defeated an attempt to exempt revenue-producing sports like football from Title IX. The defeated legislation was:

Tower Amendment

Congress also passed legislation directing federal officials to judge Title IX compliance on a campus wide basis rather than demanding equality in every sport. That directive was called:

Javits Resolution  

The Supreme Court case that temporarily stalled Title IX in 1984 was:

Grove City v. Bell  

Name the law that requires colleges to submit athletics gender equity participation and funding reports each year.  Which department of the federal government is responsible for collecting and distributing information concerning Title IX compliance?

The law is EADA – Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act – and the department is the cabinet-level Department of Education.

TRUE or FALSE: The University of New Hampshire is in compliance with Title IX because we spend the same amount on athletic scholarships for women as we do for men.

FALSE. UNH is among the more compliant Div. I athletic programs, but, because there are more women enrolled at UNH than there are men, we spend nearly a half-million dollars more on women’s scholarships according to the latest figures from 2010-11. See #27 above: Spending should be proportional, not equal.

TRUE or FALSE: According to the Carpenter Acosta study, more women are coaching women’s college sports teams than ever before.

TRUE. The latest study shows there are nearly 5,000 female college head coaches, but that’s because there are more women’s teams than ever before. The proportion of women coaches and administrators, however, has declined since the ‘70s. Less than half of all women’s teams these days have female coaches.

Most major colleges are members of the NCAA. The current number of college and university members is:

The NCAA is divided into three divisions. Which division has the fewest member schools?

Div. II, with 290, is the smallest classification

TRUE or FALSE: All members of NCAA must offer a minimum of 14 varsity sports with a minimum of six or seven for men and seven or eight for women.

FALSE. Fourteen is the minimum for Div. I. For Div. II and III, the minimum is 10.

TRUE or FALSE: Members of all three NCAA divisions offer athletic scholarships to student athletes. The maximum number of scholarships varies by division.

FALSE. Div. III schools cannot offer any athletic scholarships, although athletes are eligible for need-based financial aid as are all students. So when you heard about someone getting an athletic scholarship to Williams or some other Div. III school, that’s incorrect (although the admissions office may well have given an all-state player a break!).

Name the second largest regulatory association for four-year colleges.

The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) with 290 members

TRUE or FALSE: A key element of the 1997 NCAA reforms required all members of Div. I, II and III Management Councils to be “institutional CEOs,” that is, campus presidents or chancellors.

FALSE. Athletics directors and faculty reps serve on the Management Councils. CEOs serve on the Board of Directors (Div. I) or Presidents Council (Divs. II & III).

The current president of the NCAA is:

Mark Emmert, the former president of the Univ. of Washington

Speaking of higher education, what does the acronym “HBCU” stand for?

Historically Black Colleges and Universities

I mentioned four major HBCU conferences. Name two of them (initials are okay).

Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC)

Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA)

Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC)

Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC)

The original 1991 Knight Commission report proposed a “One Plus Three” plan for reforming college sports. What was the “One”? What were the “Three”?

The “one” is Presidential Control. The “three” are Academic Integrity, Financial Integrity and NCAA Certification to insure academic and fiscal integrity.

When discussing athletic budgets, what is the difference between total revenue and generated revenue?

“Generated revenue” refers to cash from ticket sales, broadcast rights, corporate sponsors, alumni gifts, etc. “Total revenue” refers to all income from any source including student fees and institutional subsidies, even if the “revenue” merely moves from one college pocket to another rather than being “new” money from off campus.

How many of the 120 NCAA Div. I BCS colleges turn a generated revenue profit, according to the NCAA?

Ohio State football coach Urban Meyer’s base compensation is:

$700,000. Meyer’s total annual pay is $4 million with more available for performance bonuses.

The NCAA uses two standard measurements to calculate graduation rates for scholarship athletes, the Federal Rate required by law and its own Graduation Success Rate. Name the 1990 law that established the Federal Rate.

The Student-Athlete Right-to-Know Act

TRUE or FALSE: The Federal (graduation) Rate considers a student-athlete  a graduate if the student transfers to another school in good academic standing whether or not the student ultimately receives a degree.

According to the Des Moines Register, how many NCAA schools sell beer to fans at concession stands in their football stadiums?

The Los Angeles Dodgers were recently purchased by a group led by Mark Walter and including Magic Johnson. What was the total purchase price for the franchise and related property including Dodger Stadium and adjacent land?

We named several “deep wells” of revenue pro sports operations tap. List three of them.

gate and stadium revenue

media

licensed merchandise

skybox and premium seating

corporate sponsorship

PSLs and public stock offering

Name the federal law that allowed workers, including pro athletes, to form labor unions

The National Labor Relations Act, often called the Wagner Act

Name the executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association from 1966-83 who’s considered the founder of modern sports unions.

Marvin Miller, who once again this year was not elected to the Hall of Fame by the Veteran’s Committee.

TRUE or FALSE: According to New Hampshire law, a registered sports agent must be a college graduate and cannot have been convicted of a felony.

FALSE. While a prospective agent must file a truthful application including any convictions as well as an accurate educational background, there’s no minimum education requirement and the Secretary of State may grant registration to a convicted felon if he determines the facts of the case minimize the criminal record.

Name the president of the International Olympic Committee who “opened” the games, allowing professionals to compete openly.

Juan Antonio Samaranch

The chairman of the board of the US Olympic Committee is:

Larry Probst

Name the current Chief Executive Officer of the US Olympic Committee.

Scott Blackmun

TRUE or FALSE: If a NFL player is suspended for fixing games – or some other reason – by the league, he can appeal to the international Court of Arbitration for Sports which could overturn the suspension.

FALSE. Well, I suppose, technically he could appeal, but the US pro leagues don’t acknowledge the court’s authority, so there’s no way the suspension would be overturned.

Name the US city that lost its bid to host the 2016 Olympics. What city will host the 2016 summer games?

US Bidder:

Chicago

Host:

Rio de Janeiro

Name the host cities for the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2014 Winter Olympics.

2012: London

2014: Sochi