Term
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Definition
Splenic enlargement
> 13 cm in length
Usually due to abnormalities in other organs
Most common finding when examining the spleen
Examine the contour of the spleen to determine if a pathologic process involves the spleen
S & S: LUQ pain or fullness
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Term
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Definition
Classified as acute and chronic
Acute: hyperemia accompanies the moderate enlargement
Chronic venous congestion: diffuse enlargement of the gland
*Etiology usually due to obstructive blood disease
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Term
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Definition
Amyloidosis: metabolic abnormality causing deposits of “starch-like” substances in tissue
Spleen is the organ most affected
US findings of normal to enlarged spleen
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Term
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Definition
Gaucher’s disease: congenital disorder of lipid metabolism
US findings of inhomogeneous splenomegaly with multiple hypoechoic lesions
Niemann-Pick disease: fatal disturbance of sphingolipid metabolism
US findings of hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
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Term
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Definition
Niemann-Pick disease: female predominance—patient usually dies by age three
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Term
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Definition
Sickle cell anemia
Hereditary or congenital spherocytosis
Hemolytic anemai
Polycythemia vera
Thallassemia
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Term
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Definition
Myeloproliferative disorders
Granulocytopoietic abnormalities
Reticuloendotheliosis
Letter-Siwe disease
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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Term
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Definition
Inherited hematologic disease particular to those of African descent
RBCs are shaped rather than
US findings—depends on disease state
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Term
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Definition
Acute crisis might yield an enlarged spleen with a decrease in hematocrit. With increasing crisis, spleen would become smaller with areas of infarction and fibrosis
Hereditary or congenital spherocytosis—
RBC are small and round rather than disc shaped
US findings of splenomegaly
Hemolytic anemia
RBC destruction is greater than the bone marrow can rebuild
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia develops as a primary anemia or due to underlying disease such as lymphoma, leukemia or infectious mononucleosis.
US findings in secondary form are dominated by the underlying disease in the primary form the spleen is enlarged
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Term
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Definition
Inherited hematologic disease particular to individuals from the Mediterranean or SE Asia
Anemia due to deficient synthesis of of hemoglobin
US findings
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Term
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Definition
US findings of a grossly enlarged spleen
•Polycythemia vera
•chronic disease of unknown etiology seen as an increase in RBC mass and hemoglobin concentration.
•S & S of fatigue, vertigo, tinnitus, irritability, splenomegaly, flushing of the face, redness and pain in the extremities and bruising
•US findings of an enlarged, turgid, spleen. Infarcts and thrombosis are common in polycythemia vera
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Term
| Myeloproliferative Disorders |
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Definition
Include acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, megakaryocytic leukemia and erythroleukemia
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Term
| Myeloproliferative Disorders |
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Definition
•Granulocytopoietic abnormalities
•Reactive hyperplasia resulting from acute or chronic infection (TB and histoplasmosis are examples)
•US findings of echogenic foci in the spleen
•Letterer-Siwe disease and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease are both seen in pediatric patients as hepatosplenomegaly by sonography
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Term
| Lymphopoietic Abnormalities |
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Definition
Include lymphocytic leukemias, lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s disease
US findings of a diffusely hypoechoic spleen with focal lesions
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Term
| Lymphopoietic Abnormalities |
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Definition
Leukemia
Chronic leukemia is a major cause of splenomegaly
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Term
| Focal Disease of the Spleen |
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Definition
Splenic abscess
Usually due to suppressed immune system, subacute bacterial endocarditis
S & S of LUQ tenderness, abd pain
US findings vary
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Term
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Definition
Most often presents as splenomegaly
More often seen in immunocompromised patients
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Term
| Other Focal Disease of the Spleen |
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Definition
AIDS
Splenomegaly with possible focal lesions
Splenic infarction & trauma
due to occlusion of the splenic artery
US findings
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Term
| Other Focal Disease of the Spleen |
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Definition
Splenic infarction & trauma
due to occlusion of the splenic artery
US findings of a focal, wedge-shaped defect that varies in appearance depending on the time of onset
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Term
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Definition
Usually due to blunt abdominal trauma
Hematoma may result
May be subcapsular or may be ruptured
Must assess for free fluid in the intraperitoneum
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Term
| Additional Focal Lesions of the Spleen |
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Definition
Splenic cysts
May be parasitic or nonparasitic in origin
US findings are of a true cyst
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Term
| Malignant Primary Neoplasms |
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Definition
Lymphoma
Usually seen as hypoechoic lesions
Patterns of
Diffuse involvement
Focal small nodular lesions
Focal large lesions
Bulky disease
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Term
| Malignant Primary Neoplasms |
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Definition
Mets may originate from primary breast, lung, ovary , stomach, or prostate—most commonly from melanoma
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Term
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Definition
| Inflimation of the lining of the heart: |
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Term
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Definition
| What kind of cancer is the most common found in the spleen? |
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