Term
| What are the 3 genera of spriochetes of clinical significance? |
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Definition
- Leptospira
- Borrelia
- Treponema
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Term
| What are the microscopic characteristics of spirochetes? |
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Definition
- Slender, flexible, helical shaped
- Flexible cell wall
- Wrapped by several fibrils called periplasmic flagella or axial fibrils which are responsibile for motility
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Term
| What type of habitat do spirochetes live? |
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Definition
- Free-living
- Commensals
- Pathogen
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Term
| What is the structure responsible for motility in spirochetes? |
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Definition
| Periplasmic flagella (axial fibrils) |
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Term
| What are microscopic characteristics of Leptospires? |
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Definition
- Tightly coiled, thin, flexible (may resemble a chain of cocci)
- Movement is rapid and rotational
- Can't be readily stained
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Term
| What are the environmental requirements of Leptospires? |
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Definition
- Obligate aerobes
- Require specialized artificial media
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Term
| What is the pathogen species of Leptospira? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical diseases of Leptospira interrogans? |
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Definition
- Flu-like symptoms
- Involvement of hepatic, renal, and central nervous systems.
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Term
| What is the usually transmission route of Leptospira interrogans? |
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Definition
- Usually exposure to water.
- Natural hosts (dogs, rats, rodents) extrete organism into urine which contaminates water.
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Term
| What is the vector of Borrelia spp. bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease does Borrelia recurrentis cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism causing Relapsing fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical symptoms of Relapsing fever? |
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Definition
| Acute febrile illness of 3-7 days and then reoccurs. |
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Term
| How is relapsing fever transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism causes Lyme's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three stages of Lyme disease? |
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Definition
- Localized
- Early disseminated
- Late
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Term
| What is a characteristic of the localized stage of Lyme disease (2)? |
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Definition
- Erythemia chronicum migrans (ECM)
- Target-like appearance at site of tick bite
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Term
| What are symptoms of the early disseminated stage of Lyme disease? |
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Definition
- Bone and Joint pain
- CNS involvement
- Cardiac and spleen pathology
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Term
| What is a major symptom of the late stage of Lyme disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vector for transmitting Borellia burgdorferi? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many types of B. burgdorferi cause Lyme disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Lyme disease treated with in the earlier stages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Lyme disease treated with in the later stages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common way to ID Borrelia burgdorferi in the lab? |
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Definition
| Serum for antibody detection (ELISA), detects IgM production. |
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Term
| How many pathogen species of Treponemes are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism causes syphilis? |
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Definition
| Trepona pallidum ssp. pallidum |
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Term
| How is syphilis transmitted? |
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Definition
| From direct sexual contact with infected person, enters through mucous membrane or through intact skin. |
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of Syphilis? What symptoms do these stages correspond with? |
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Definition
- Primary - chancre at site of entry
- Secondary - flu-like symptoms and rash
- Tertiary - no symptoms until years later when CSF, bone, and heart are involved leading to death
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Term
| In which hosts is Trepona pallidum spp. pallidium found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tests are used to identify Trepona pallidum ssp. pallidum? |
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Definition
Serology primary method used.
- Non-treponemal
- Treponemal
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Term
| What are the two non-treponemal tests and what do they detect? |
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Definition
- VDRL
- RPR
Detect antibodies released from damaged cells (used as a screening test) |
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Term
| What does the treponemal test for Syphilis detect? |
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Definition
| Sepcific antibodies to treponemes (late stage infections) |
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Term
| What is an effective treatment for Syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 pathogenic Treponemes? |
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Definition
- Trepona pallidum ssp. pallidum
- T. yaws
- Endemic Syphilis
- T. pinta
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