Term
| the most commonly acquired spirochete disease in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| what organism causes syphilis |
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Definition
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Term
| list the four stages of syphilis and characteristics of those stages |
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Definition
primary-painless chancre lesion
secondary-dissemination; rash on palms and soles
latent-asymptomatic; can last up to 20 yrs
tertiary-comes backcan cause dimentia, gummas, & can be seen in CSF in this stage |
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Term
| specimin of choice to detect neurosyphilis |
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Definition
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Term
| nontreponemal tests are used for screening name 2 |
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Definition
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Term
| darkfeild microscopy, FTA-ABS, & MHA-TP are treponemal or nontreponemal |
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Definition
| confirmatory treponemal tests |
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Term
| what is detected in nontrep tests |
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Definition
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Term
| darkfield microscopy & FTA-ABS both demonstrate direct detection of spirochetes. what is the advantage of fl. ab testing? |
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Definition
| confirmatory; spirochete doesnt hae to be alive |
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Term
| dark field microscopy can be used to visualise motile organisms from ____&____lesions. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ab formed against lipid material from damaged cells; not specific to syphilis |
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Term
| what ag is used in RPR & VDRL tests |
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Definition
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Term
| give 2 types of nontrep (reagin) tests |
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Definition
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Term
RPR or VDRL?
used to test csf |
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Definition
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Term
RPR or VDRL?
more sensitive, but less specific |
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Definition
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Term
RPR or VDRL?
requires heat inactivation prior to testing |
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Definition
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Term
RPR or VDRL?
uses charcoal particles |
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Definition
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Term
RPR or VDRL?
harder to read with the naked eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Ag is made of both cardiolipin & lecithin |
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Definition
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Term
| how is a pos rpr reported |
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Definition
| reactive (or nonreactive, instead of pos & neg) |
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Term
| list 2 standard treponemal serological tests |
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Definition
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Term
| why are nontrep sero tests preferred to detect congenital syphilis? |
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Definition
| nontrep tests are more sensitive only in congenital syphilis |
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Term
| trep or nontrep: which is better in latent & tertiary phase due to sensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the official WHO protocol for syphilis testing |
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Definition
screening with RPR or VDRL
confirming with FTA-ABS |
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Term
| most common vector borne infection in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| long, slender, helically coiled bacteria that exhibit a corkscrew like movement |
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Definition
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Term
| what spirochete cause lymes disease |
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Definition
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Term
lymes disease
resivoir for spirochete is white footed
mouse; what are the vectors? what role does white footed deer play in this infection? |
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Definition
vector is the ioxdes tick
deer is host for the tick |
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Term
| bullseye rash, joint pain & facial palsy are characteristics of what spiro disease |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the chief complaint oof most ppl 6 mons after onset of lymes disease |
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Definition
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Term
Tests used to detect Lyme disease:
1. which is most sensitive?
2. which is most specific
3. which is easiest to perform? |
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Definition
1. sensitive-western blot
2. specific-pcr
3. easiest-elisa |
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Term
| what is the current treatment for lyme disease |
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Definition
| oral antibiotics (doxycycline) |
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Term
| culture and rapid screen methods are useful in detecting the strep Ag early in infection. When are detection of Ab's most helpful? |
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Definition
| to diagnose later complications of infection such as post streptococcal glomerulonephritis & rheumatic fever |
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Term
| name the most common cause of pharyngitis in children |
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Definition
group a strep
20% children are asymptomatic carriers |
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Term
| skin inf. causing vesicular lesions on the extremeties that become puscular and crusted |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the primary disadvantage of rapid strep kits |
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Definition
| many false negs will occur is the pus pocket is not hit during the swab |
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Term
| four tests used to detect group A strep Ag's |
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Definition
| ASO, antiDNase, antihyaluronidase, & streptozime kit |
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Term
| why should the streptozyme kits which can detect all 3 groups only be used for screening |
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Definition
| gives a high number of both false negs and false pos |
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Term
| if neither the RBC control nor the SLO control tube show hemolysis, is the test valid? |
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Definition
| no SLO was inactivated due to O2 |
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Term
Expected results from ASO test:
RBC control + buffer
SLO control + buffer
Ab is present
Ab is not present |
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Definition
hemolysis
no hemolysis
no hemolysis
hemolysis |
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