Term
| what does the alpha motor neuron innervate |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the gamma motor neuron innervate |
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Definition
| muscle spindle to make it ready to respond |
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Term
| when are gamma motor neurons activated? |
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Definition
| when alpha motor neurons are activated |
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Term
| what is the purpose of alpha-gamma coactivation |
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Definition
| to assure that the muscle spindle is always ready to generate sensory potential |
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Term
| what do beta motor neurons activate? |
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Definition
| alpha and gamma motor neurons |
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Term
| sensory information enters what side of spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| motor output exits what side of spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the somatotopic organization within the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| medial spinal cord goes to proximal muscles, lateral spinal cord goes to distal muscles. More distal on the body = more lateral in the spinal cord |
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Term
| why do beta motor neurons activate both alpha and gamma motor neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 types of receptor fibers in the muscle spindle? |
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Definition
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Term
| which fiber gives information about static stretch in the muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| which fiber gives information about dynamic (rate of change of)stretch in the muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of the muscle spindle? |
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Definition
| excite the motor neurons of the muscle being stretched, tell the spinal cord about the stretch of the muscle and the rate of stretch |
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Term
| what are the names of the afferent neurons that leave the muscle spindle |
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Definition
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Term
| what does type 2 give you the best information about? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does type 1a give you the best information about |
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Definition
| rate of change of length of the muscle |
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Term
| describe the stretch reflex and reciprocal inhibition |
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Definition
| Muscle spindle senses a stretch in the muscle. The afferent information goes into the DRG of the spinal cord. the 1a neuron excite the alpha and gamma motor neurons of that same muscle. Meanwhile, an inhibitory interneuron inhibits the alpha and gamma motor neurons of the antagonist muscle |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the H reflex |
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Definition
| Tells us how responsive the nerve is |
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Term
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Definition
| the tension receptor for the myotendinous unit |
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Term
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Definition
| at the myotendinous junction |
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Term
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Definition
| tension and rate of change in tension |
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Term
| what is the response of activation of the GTO |
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Definition
| autogenic inhibition: inhibits its own muscle from contracting. Opposite effect from the muscle spindle |
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Term
| how does GTO receptor signaling change with increased tension |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the circuitry of autogenic inhibition? |
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Definition
| GTO senses stretch. GTO sends afferent information to spinal cord. Interneuron inhibits alpha and gamma motor neurons to same muscle. Interneuron excites alpha and gamma motor neurons to antagonist muscles. |
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Term
| why should you not bounce when stretching |
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Definition
| your muscles contract when you stretch |
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Term
| what are clinical uses of the GTO? |
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Definition
| contract/relax stretching |
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Term
| a Renshaw cell is an example of what type of circuit? |
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Definition
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Term
| which sensory receptor causes reciprocal inhibition |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens in the Renshaw cell circuit? |
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Definition
| An alpha motor neuron excites a flexor muscle AND sends an excitatory signal to the Renshaw cell. The Renshaw cell sends inhibition back to the alpha motor neuron to regulate the output of the alpha motor neuron to the flexor. The Renshaw cell also sends information up the spinal cord to tell the CNS what's happening. The Renshaw cell ALSO sends an inhibitory interneuron to inhibit the tonic inhibition of alpha and gamma motor neurons of the extensor muscle. This responds by exciting the extensor muscle |
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Term
| when the Renshaw cell sends inhibition to the alpha motor neuron that first excited it, what type of circuit is the inhibition? |
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Definition
| disfacilitation: the Renshaw cell reduces the excitatory output of the alpha motor neuron to the muscle |
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Term
| when the Renshaw cell sends inhibition to the inhibitory interneurons of the antagonist muscle, what type of circuit is that? |
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Definition
| disinhibition: inhibiting the inhibitory interneuron |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do ruffini endings tell us about |
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Definition
| direction, position, and rate of joint movement |
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Term
| describe the sensory integration of identifying an object |
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Definition
| vision to see what it looks like; GTOs to weigh the mass; joint receptors to determine shape/size; muscle spindles tell us how stretched our fingers are; sensory receptors for sensation |
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Term
| which sensory receptor causes autogenic inhibition |
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Definition
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