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| 3 most common etiologies of Spinal cord injuries: |
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Definition
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| 2 positive prognostic factors for recovery |
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Definition
age and initial motor strength
also: pinprick around perianal
--under 50 or D level |
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Definition
| sip and puff control, total assistance needed |
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Definition
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Definition
| use arms, wheelchair indoors, van, trouble with hands |
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Definition
| ab muscles work can use wheelchair well |
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Definition
| increased tone, increased reflexes, spastic paralysis |
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Definition
| decreased tone, absent reflex, flaccid paralysis |
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Definition
Occurs with: hyperextension injury, compression of the cord, low velocity injuries, fractures and dislocations
Focus of injury: central gray matter of the cord
Results in: at injury: LMN weakness
Below injury: UMN spasticity
Lower limb function less severally impacted |
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Definition
Occurs with: hemisection of the cord
Focus of injury: lateral half of the cord
Results in: Same side deficits (motor control, proprioception, vibratory sensation)
Oppisite side deficits (pain and temp) |
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Definition
Occurs with: vascular occlusion or injury, burst injury
Focus of injury: anerior 2/3 of cord
Results in: loss of motor function, loss of pain and temp, preservation of light touch and joint position sense |
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Definition
Occurs with central disc herniation, lumbar burst fractures
Focus of injury: individual nerve roots below spinal cord
Results in:LMN flaccid paralysis, partial or complete loss of sensation |
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| Conus medularris syndrome |
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Definition
Occurs with: Central disc herniations, lumbar burst fractures
Focus of injury: lower spinal cord and/or individual nerve roots
Results in: Mixed UMN and LMN paralysis, variable sensory loss, either preserved or areflexic bowel and bladder, anasthesia in the sacral dermatones, erectile dysfunction |
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Term
| autonomic dysreflexia description |
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Definition
condition of imbalanced reflex sympathetic discharge in response to noxious stimuli after spinal cord injury (SCI)
-hyperactive sympathetic output |
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Term
| pathophys of autonomic dysreflexia |
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Definition
A noxious stimulus activates nociceptors below the neurological level of injury (NLI) setting off a barrage of afferent impulses
Sympathetic neurons are activated in the spinal cord below the NLI producing a generalized sympathetic response
see slides |
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Definition
| supra-sacral segment damage, reflex mediated colonic peristalsis, Defecation cannot be initiated by voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter |
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Definition
S2-S4 anterior horn cell or cauda equina damage
No reflex mediated colonic peristalsis
Slow stool propulsion coordinated by the intrinsically innervated myenteric plexus
Anal sphincter is typically atonic and prone to stool leakage |
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Term
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Definition
Urinary incontinence if the externally applied detrusor pressure is greater than the resting sphincter outlet resistance
Urinary retention if the resting sphincter outlet resistance is greater than the greatest externally applied detrusor pressure |
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Term
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Definition
If detrusor (bladder) contraction is stronger than the sphincter contraction then urine will come out and there will be incontinence.
If sphincter contraction is stronger than the detrusor (bladder) contraction then urine will not come out and there will be retention. |
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