Term
| What are the broad subdivisions of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Dorsal horn, ventral horn, intermediate zone |
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Term
| What is the subdivision of the gray matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many rexed laminae subdivisions can be found in the gray matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal horn is composed of which laminae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which laminae forms the intermediate zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ventral horn is subdivided into which laminae? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lamina I and Lamna V recieve what sort of sensory input? |
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Definition
| Nociception via lightly or unmyelinated small diameter afferents |
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Term
| Lamina III and IV receive what type of input? |
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Definition
| Non-noxious via myelinated, larger diameter afferents |
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Term
| Lamina II receives what type of sensory input? |
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Definition
| Nociceptive affereent C fibers and collaterals from large diameter afferents |
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Term
| What is the site of first order sensory processing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lamina VI receives what type of sensory input? |
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Definition
| Descending motor pathways and proprioceptive from the periphery |
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Term
| Which lamina contain posteromarginal nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lamina contain nucleus proprius? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lamina contain substantia gelatinosa |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lamina makes up the base of the dorsal horn? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the nucleus dorsalis of Clarke (aka Clarke's column) found? |
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Definition
| Dorsal medial part of lamina VII at spinal segments C8-L2 |
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Term
| The nucleus dorsalis of Clarke recieves what type of input? |
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Definition
| Proprioceptive from muscle |
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Term
| The nucleus dorsalis sends axonal projections to where? |
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Definition
| Dorsal spinocerebellar tract in ipsilateral cerebellum |
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Term
| Where is the intermediolateral cell column found within the intermediate zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of neurons arise from the intermediolateral cell column? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic sympathetic efferent |
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Term
| Sacral autonomic nuclei are found in which lamina? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what verterbral level are sacral autonomic nuclei found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sacral autonomic nucleu found laterally in lamina VII give rise to what types of fibers? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic parasympathetic |
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Term
| The preganglionic parasympathetic sacral autonomic nuclei of lamina VII exit the spinal via what in order to form what? |
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Definition
| Ventral roots, pelvic nerve |
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Term
| The ventral horn contains groups of interneurons that coording what? |
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Definition
| Activation of motor neuron pools |
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Term
| Lamina VIII and some of lamina IX contain interneurons that relay and integrate what? |
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Definition
| Segmental and descending inputs to motor neurons |
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Term
| What is the main somatic motor area of the spinal gray matter, found in the ventral horn? |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in the ventral horn, lamina IX contains what motorneurons? |
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Definition
| Large alpha and smaller gamma |
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Term
| The large alpha motorneurons of lamina IX innervate what? |
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Definition
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Term
The small gamma motorneurons of lamina IX innervate what?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest are in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the phrenic nucleus located? |
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Definition
| Centrally in the ventral horn of spinal cord segments C3-C5 |
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Term
| The spinal accessory nucleus is located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| The spinal accessory nucleus (accessory nerve) contains motor neurons that innervate what? |
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Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius |
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Term
| Within the ventral horn, alpha motor neurons of lamina IX are somatotopically prganized. What is the orietnation of neurons that innervate flexor musculature, extensor musculator, trunk musculatature, and muscles in the extremity? |
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Definition
| Flexor located dorsally, extensor located ventrally, trunk musculature found medially, neurons for the extremity seen laterally |
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Term
| Lamina X (area X) receives what type of input? |
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Definition
| Afferents conveying visceral pain |
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Term
| Automatic motor responses to sensory stimuli applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS are labeled what? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Simple spinal reflexes cannot operate in the absence of higher centers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where do stimuli that initiate reflexes enter the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| The crossed extensor reflex is an example of reflex pathways that cross what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle spindles are attached parallel to skeletal muscle and ocntain specialized muscle fibers that detect what? |
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Definition
| Change in muscle length and rate of stretching |
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Term
| Muscle spindles send afferent signals through what part of the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclear bag fibers in muscle spindles detect what? |
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Definition
| Dynamic aspects of stretch such as speed, rate of change, etc. |
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Term
| Nuclear chain fibers of muscle spindles detect what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapid stretch of the muscle by tapping a tendon will activate both dynamic and static aspects of muscle spindles causing what reflex contraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of connections do tendon reflexes have with motor neurons? |
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Definition
| Direct connections to alpha motor neurons |
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Term
| True or false: Muscle spindles also have contractile portions of the intrafusal muscle fiber located at the poles of the spindle |
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Definition
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Term
| What innervates the contractile portions of muscle spindles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gamma motor neuron activated contraction of muscle spindles can be used to control what aspect of postural muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are golgi tendon organs found? |
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Definition
| Musculotendonous junction |
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Term
| Golgi tendon organs counteract muscle spindle fibers by activating what type of neurons? |
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Definition
| Inhibitory interneurons that inhibit alpha motor neurons |
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Term
| The spinal white matter is organized into what divisions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Subdivisions of spinal white matter are referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the subdivisions of spinal white matter? |
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Definition
| Dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculus |
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Term
| Where is the dorsal funiculus located? |
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Definition
| Between posterolateral sulcus (dorsal root entry point) and posterior median septum |
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Term
| Where is the lateral funiculus located? |
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Definition
| Between the posterolateral sulcus (dorsal root entry point) and anterolateral sulcus (ventral root emergence point) |
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Term
| Where is the ventral funiculus located? |
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Definition
| Between the anterolateral sulcus (ventral root emergence point) and anterior median fissure |
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Term
| The spinal white matter located at the dorsal end of the anterior median fissure is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of pathway is associated with the anterior white commissure? |
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Definition
| Major pain pathway, point of crossing for neurons that contribute to the anterolateral system |
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Term
| What supplies blood to the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Anterior and posterior spinal arteries |
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Term
| Where do anterior spinal arteries originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do posterior spinal arteries originate? |
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Definition
| Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries |
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Term
| What segmental arteries supplement the anterior and posterior spinal arteries? |
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Definition
| Radicular arteries following the dorsal and ventral roots and the spinal medullary arteries that directly or indirectly join the anterior and posterior spinal arteries from the aorta |
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Term
| The anastomosis of arteries around the spinal cord form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal grey matter is predominantly supplied by the central branches of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior sections of the dorsal horn is supplied by what? |
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Definition
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