Term
| C1 lacks what typical features |
|
Definition
Vertebral Body
Intervertebral discs |
|
|
Term
C1 Aterior Tubercle
Attachment site |
|
Definition
(On Anterior Arch)
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior Atlanto Occipital Ligament
Anterior Atlanto Axial Ligament
Longus Coli Muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C1 feature
Concave rounded depression on posterior of anterior arch.
Articulates with the Dens of C2 to form part of the Median Atlanto-Axial joint |
|
|
Term
| Joint classification of Median Atlanto Axial Joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C1 feature
The homologue of the articular pillar of the typical cervical |
|
|
Term
| Joint classification of Occipital condyle/Superior Articular Facet C1 Joint |
|
Definition
Typically Diarthrosis Ellipsoidal
Some classiry it Diarthrosis Condylar |
|
|
Term
| Classification of the Zygapophysis joint between C1 and C2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Median Atlanto Axial Joint |
|
Definition
transverse atlantal ligament completes the osteoligamentous ring
Diarthrosis Trochoid |
|
|
Term
C1 Lateral Mass
Attachement Site |
|
Definition
Levator Scaplula
Splenius Cervicis
Rectus Capitis Anterior |
|
|
Term
| Distance from tip of posterior tubercle (C1 transverse process) to surface of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
C1 Posterior Tubercle
Attachment site |
|
Definition
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Ligamentum Nuchae |
|
|
Term
| Groove/Sulcus for vertebral artery |
|
Definition
C1 feature
Comparable to superior vertebral notch
First Cervical spinal nerve lies posterior to the vertebral artery as it exits over this groove. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C1 feature
Accessory Bone
Bridge connecting superior articular process to arcuate rim
Ossification of Posterior atlanto-occipital Lig.
Complete more common in males, 15% of population
Partial more common in females, 26% of population |
|
|
Term
| C1 Transverse Process Attachment Site |
|
Definition
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Middle Scalene
Levator Scapulae
Splenius Cervicis
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Intertransversarii
Intertransvers Lig. |
|
|
Term
| Contents of Transverse Foramen of C1 |
|
Definition
Vertebral Artery
Vertebral Venous Plexus
Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Huge Variation
78mm in males
72mm in females |
|
|
Term
| Distance of posterior tubercle C1 to surface of the skin |
|
Definition
30.4 mm in males
30.3 mm in females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C2 feature
AKA the Dens
15.8 mm toothlike projection |
|
|
Term
# of Joint surfaces of C2
# of Joint types of C2 |
|
Definition
10, 5 above, 5 below
4 types |
|
|
Term
| Longus Coli Muscle Attachment |
|
Definition
C2 Feature
Scallops on anterior vertebral body of C2 |
|
|
Term
| Joint surfaces of the Dens |
|
Definition
Synovial surfaces for the anterior arch
Synovial surfaces for the transverse atlantal ligament joint
Attachment site for apical Dental Ligament
Attachement Site for the Alar Ligaments (2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Curve faces anterior
Facet for the fovea dentis lies above the position of the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Curve faces posterior (dense pulled forward)
Facet for fovea dentis is located below the position of the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament |
|
|
Term
Inferior surface vertebral body C2
attachments |
|
Definition
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Membrana Tectoria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Obliquus capitis inferior
Posterior atlanto-axial
Ligamentum Flavum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True articular pillar is absent
Superior aarticular facets are asymetrical
In newborns and children the facets are more horizontal |
|
|
Term
C2 articular process
attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No costotransverse bar
no anterior tubercle |
|
|
Term
| C2 transverse foramen Conveys |
|
Definition
| Vertebral Artery, Vertebral Venous Plexus, Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| C2 transverse processes diamerter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transverse Process of epistropheus
attachment |
|
Definition
| Levator scauplae, middle scalene, spenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis, intertransversarii |
|
|
Term
| The "always" bifid spinous on "all" humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpating the C2 spinous process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators, interspinalis.
Ligamentum nuchae
interspinous ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| topographical elevation at base of neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific unique name for C7 |
|
|
Term
Vertebral Prominence
Gender variation |
|
Definition
Males more commonly deviate to T1
Females more commonly deviate to C6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Top is smaller than the bottom
Superior suface typical cervical
Inferior surface lacks uncinate process and grooves |
|
|
Term
| Cy vertebral body attachments |
|
Definition
Longus colli muscle
ALL
PLL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be absent, singular, or multiple |
|
|
Term
| Contents of C7 transverse foramen |
|
Definition
Vertebral venous plexus
Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| C7 Transverse process attachment |
|
Definition
| middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators, intertransversarii, levator costorum brevis |
|
|
Term
C7 Articular process
attachment |
|
Definition
| longissimus cervicis, Longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"always" non-bifid
Large spinous tubercle |
|
|
Term
C7 spinous process
attachment |
|
Definition
Trapezius, Rhomboid Major, Serratus Posterior Superior, Splenius Capitis, Spinalis Capitis, Spinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Thoracis, Multifidus, Rotators, Interspinalis
Ligamentum nuchae
Interspinous Ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Left side has greater diameter
Men have greater diameter
arises from subclavian artery at T2 level
Ascends within and through C6-C2 transverse foramina
Makes its first compensatory loot in the atlanto-axial intersace
Second compensatory loop around lateral mass C1
Comes to lie next to medulla oblongata
In the pontine medullary cistern the R and L vertebral arteries unite to form the basilar artery |
|
|
Term
| Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam |
|
Definition
| tests ipsilateral vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| Differentiating T2-T4 and T5-T8 |
|
Definition
Based of features associated with:
The vertebral body,
Transverse Process
Articular Process
Spinous Process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flattened left side of vertebral body in the T5-T8 region. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rib-vertebrae articulations
Two subtypes:
Costocentral joints
Costotransverse joints |
|
|
Term
Costovertebral joints
Classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Size of demifacets
Superior vs. Inferios |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior boundary of the IVF of a typical thoracic |
|
Definition
Vertebral Body above
Vertebral body below
Intervertebral disc
PLL
The Costocentral joint |
|
|
Term
Longus Colli Muscle
Attachments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Thoracic Vertebral body
attachments |
|
Definition
Longus Colli Muscle (T1, T2, T3)
ALL
PLL
Costocentral capsular ligaments
Costocentral radiate ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic Vertebral Notches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse costal facets face |
|
Definition
T2-T6 face forward and outward
T7-T8 face Forward, Outward, and Upward |
|
|
Term
Thoracic Transverse Process
Attachments |
|
Definition
Longissimus Thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus Capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Multifidis
Rotator Longus
Rotator Brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator Costorum Brevis
Levator Costorum Longus
Intertransverse Ligaments
Capsular costotransverse ligaments
Superior costotransverse ligaments
Inferior Costotransverse ligaments
Lateral costotransverse ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
space between rib and transverse process
Filled mostly by the Inferior Costotransverse Ligament |
|
|
Term
| No muscle attaches to which feature in the typical thoracic |
|
Definition
| The pars interarticularis |
|
|
Term
Thoracic Spinous Process
Attachment |
|
Definition
trapezius
latissimus dorsi (T7, T8)
rhomboid major (T2-T5)
serratus posterior superior (T2,T3)
Splenius cervicis (T3-T6)
Splenius capitis (T2-T4)
Spinalis thoracis
Spinalis cervicis (T2-T6)
Spinalis capitis (T2-T7)
Semispinalis thoracis (T2-T6)
multifidis
rotators longus
rotators brevis
interspinalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trapezius and Latissumus Dorsi |
|
|
Term
| Layer two of the true back |
|
Definition
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid Minor
Levator Scapulae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior infterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erector spinae group:
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transversospinalis group:
Semispinalis
Multifidis
Rotators |
|
|
Term
| Some muscles that seem like they might be, but aren't layers of the true back |
|
Definition
Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Levator Costorum
Splenius |
|
|
Term
| # of joint surfaces of vertebral body T1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Joint classifications of vertebral body T1 |
|
Definition
Diarthrosis Arthrodia (costocentral joints)
Ampiarthrosis syndesmosis (PLL, ALL)
Ampiarthrosis symphysis (Intervertebral Discs) |
|
|
Term
| Eighth cervical spinal nerve exit |
|
Definition
| formed partly by the superior vertebral notch of T1 |
|
|
Term
Transverse process T1
muscle Attachments |
|
Definition
All longissimus muscles
semispinalis cervicis and capitis
Multifidis
Rotators longus and brevis
intertransversarii
levator costorum brevis |
|
|
Term
T1 transverse process
Ligament attachments |
|
Definition
Intertransverse
Inferior and lateral costotransverse
Superior costotransverse is present going down to rib 2, but rib 1 is has no superior |
|
|
Term
T1 Spinous process
attachments |
|
Definition
Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
serratus posterior superior
splenius capitis
spinalis thoracis
spinalis cervicis
spinalis capitis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotators
interspinalis
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament |
|
|
Term
T9 Transverse process
Attachments |
|
Definition
Longissumus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidus
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
levator costarum brevis
levator catarum longus
Costotransverse capsular lig.
superior, inferior, and lateral costotransverse lig.
Intertransverse lig |
|
|
Term
| Begining at T9 the spinous process |
|
Definition
| gradually shortens and becomes more horizontal |
|
|
Term
T9 Spinous Process
Attachments |
|
Definition
Trapezius
latissimus dorsi
Supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
multifidis
rotators longus and brevis
interspinalis |
|
|
Term
| Spinalis muscles are absent in what thoracics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semispinalis muscles are absent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of joint surfaces on T10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common site for para-articular processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T10 transverse process
attachemnts |
|
Definition
longissimus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
levator costorum brevis
levator costorum longus (last one)
Intertransverse
superior, inferior and lateral costotransverse lig. |
|
|
Term
| Dimpling over the skin is a landmark for which vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st and 5th layers only
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
interspinalis
supraspinous
interspinous |
|
|
Term
| Shape of T11 vertebral body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Costotransverse joint of T11 |
|
Definition
| the synovial joint is absent, replaced by a fibrous joint |
|
|
Term
T11 Transverse process
Attachments |
|
Definition
Longissimus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
levator costorum brevis (no longus!)
Intertransverse lig.
Superior, inferior, and lateral costotransverse ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Earns it the name anticlinal vertebrae
nearly horizontal |
|
|
Term
T11 spinous process
Attachments |
|
Definition
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
serratus posterior inferior
iliocostalis lumborum
spinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
interspinalis
interspinous and supraspinous ligs. |
|
|
Term
| Costocentral joint of the twelfth rib |
|
Definition
| lies mostly on the pedicle of T12 |
|
|
Term
T 12 Vertebral body
Attachments |
|
Definition
Psoas Major
Psoas minor
ALL
PLL
Costocentral capsular, costocentral radiate (stelate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not typical
Superior, inferior, and lateral tubercles
Costotransverse joint is not synovial |
|
|
Term
T12 Transverse Process
Attachment |
|
Definition
Longissimus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
Intertransverse ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Agings effect on vertebral height and circumfrence |
|
Definition
| decrease height, increase circumfrence |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar transforaminal ligaments |
|
Definition
| superior corporotransverse lig, inferior corporotransverse lig, superior transforaminal lig, middle transforaminal lig, inferior transforaminal lig. |
|
|
Term
| An Excelent site for spinal tap and why |
|
Definition
The lumbar region
Shingling is diminished
imbrication is diminished
spinal cord terminates at T1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
triangular in outline
L1 contains conus medullaris
L2 and bellow contain the cauda equina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too much epidural fat deforming the dural sac |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar transverse process |
|
Definition
increase in length from L1-L3, then diminish.
Home to the accessory process |
|
|
Term
| Styloid process (of lumbars) |
|
Definition
| congenital elongation of accessory process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior width greater than inferior width
Mammillary process lives here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
joint asymmetry
zygapophusis aren't on the same plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kissing spines
result of adging
increased spinous process length (Lumbar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
congenital
elongated spinous processes that endter a sacral spinal canal eshibiting spina bifida during dorsiflexion
It hurts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aquired, age related changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seperation of bony elements, particularly at the pars interarticularis location |
|
|
Term
| Who has a high incidence of spondylolysis? |
|
Definition
| Native Alaskan population |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar Spondylolysis is never found in: |
|
Definition
Fetuses
newborns
children under 5
patients who have never walked
non erect species |
|
|
Term
| The spondylolysis ligament |
|
Definition
richly innervated
nociception, neuromodulator, autonomic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A normal oblique X-Ray of lumbar region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X-ray sign of spondylolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rare
More frequent in Men
Most common at C6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observed in Native Alaskan Men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior slippage of vertebral body du to bilateral spondyloslysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior vertebral slippage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dysplastic or Congenital Spondylolisthesis
Defect in vertebral arch of L5 or upper Sacral bodies
Articular facets become abnormal |
|
|
Term
| Type II Spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Lytic or stress fracture induced
More common in men,
Commonly L5/S1 level
Sagittal diameter of spinal canal increases |
|
|
Term
| Type III Spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Associated with osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, ligament laxity, articular facet remodeling
More common in women
L4/L5 level |
|
|
Term
| Type IV Spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis
Fracture of the neural arch components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pathogenic Spondylolisthesis
Various bone diseases such as
Paget Disease or
Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
|
|
Term
Ventral Sacral Foramina
VS
Dorsal Sacral Foramina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of fused spinous processes |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate sacral crest |
|
Definition
| made of superior articular process and facets, mamillary process of S1 down to the Sacral Cornu |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The S2 transverse tubercle |
|
|
Term
| Joint classifications in the coxxyx |
|
Definition
Ampiarthrosis Symphysis: Intervertebral Disc
Ampiarthrosis Syndesmosis: Ventral Sacrococcygeal, Deep and Superficial Dorsal Sacrococcygeal ligament, Intercurnual lig. |
|
|
