Term
Cambodia Study of Self Defense:
How was Nixon's speech different from previous work on apologia? |
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Definition
| Previous work was limited to situations where defensive utterance was provoked by prior attack- Nixon's was preempted. |
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Term
Cambodia Study of Self Defense:
What was Nixons's outward from of speech and function? |
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Definition
| The speech has an outward orm of a speech policy, but functions as a speech of self-defense. |
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Term
Cambodia as Self-Defense:
What did Nixon need to enact military operation?
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Definition
| He needed no prior apporval or authorization. The speech was merely court public opinion. |
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Term
Cambodia as Self Defense:
How did Nixon take the stance to preserve image? |
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Definition
| Likely crafted addresss to soften the blow to his image. |
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Term
What strategies did Nixon use?
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Definition
| Bolstering, Differntiation and Transcendence |
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Term
| How did Nixon use Differentiation? |
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Definition
- Redefines the situation to distinguish Nixon's military offensive from the context of military invasion.
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Term
| Using Differnetiation, how did Nixon try to define the invasion? |
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Definition
| He says it is not an "invasion of Cabodia" but rather are areas "completely occupied by N. Vietnam forces" |
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Term
| Using differentiation, what does Nixon say about boundaries? |
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Definition
He downplays territorial boundaries and emphasizes who controls those areas.
- Also refers to man with area of Cambodia with N. Vietamese strongholds clearly marked in red. |
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Term
| Using Differentiation, what is Nixon's implication? |
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Definition
This is not new policy but simply a continuation of existing military pollicy employed up until this point.
- This image of "business as usual" blunted the charge that he was widening the war. |
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Term
| How did Nixon use Transcedence? |
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Definition
- Attempted to place the military offensive into a larger, more general context.
- Attempts to link Cambodia with the withdrawl of troops. |
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Term
| What is the evaluation of Nixon's bolstering? |
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Definition
- Association with past presidents was not sufficient to counterbalance or offset the announcement of war which involve casulties.
- Relied on weak links- because they are all presidents atnd that military decision were all made in the same room are not strong reason to believe that Nixon's action was a good one. |
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Term
| Were Nixon's arguements strong? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the evaluation of Nixon's arguement on Differentiation? |
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Definition
Despite the fact that Nixon declared this was not an invasion, his own map demostrated that he had ordered troops to cross the border from on country into the other (hence an invasion)
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Term
How was Nixon's speech evaluated using Transcendence?
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Definition
Repeated that his military offensive was necessary for peace, but never explained why being a "new" offesive doesnt make it esstenial for peace.
- Attempt to portray this offensive as "new" undermined his image as a wise decison maker- if this action was so essential |
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Term
| How did Nixon's differentiation strategey Characterize the operation? |
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Definition
| Characterized the operation as a continuation of current policy of attacking enemy strongholds. |
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Term
| How did Nixon's Transcenence characterize the operation? |
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Definition
| As something new and never attempted. |
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Term
| What are some implications from Cambodia? |
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Definition
Illustrates that rhetors may attempt to preempt anticipated criticism.
- Further supports the claim that a person's actions are an important factor in a person's reputation.
- Suggests that multiple strategies in IR may conflict. |
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