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| the quanitity of matter in a body form of matter consists of solid,liquid,gas particles in a medium. mass is capable of having a vibratory motion. |
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| a physical priniciple stating that a body in motion remains in motion while a body at rest remains at rest.inertia is a force that impacts movements of molecules in a medium during the production of sound . |
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| a term used to describe a medium the force that causes a deformed structure to renew its original state due to elasticity the structure is able to resist the distortion and return to its orginal state. Inertia and elasticity work together. |
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| when an object oscillates at one frequency of vibration with no overtones most sounds are complex sounds consisting of many tones or frequencies. |
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| simplest form of vibratory motion (shm) periodic back and forth movement of an object;like a pendulum. |
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| an instrument capable of vibrating with simple harmonic motion. |
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| simple harmonic motion plotted as a function of time to represent the motion of a pendulum or a the movements of tines on a tuning fork. |
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| periodic oscillation having the same trigonometric representation as a sine function a graphic way to represent a sinusoidal motion. |
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| a shape of a wave represented graphically as amplitude vs time |
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| of medium particles due to sound disturbances density increases. |
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| spread of medium particles due to sound disturbances density decreases. |
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| is the peak of the compression/condensation phase. |
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| is the peak of the rarefaction phase peak of lower than normal density. |
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| is a temporal concept one complete period of compression/rarefaction of a sound wave. |
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| is a temporal concept the time to complete one cycle of vibration the duration in seconds or one cycle of vibration period is inversly related to frequency ; |
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| the number of cycles of vibrations per second perceptually relates to pitch speed of vibration or oscillation in acoustics it is measured in cycles per second or hertz. |
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| frequency= 1 period or1/period |
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| the lowest frequency vibration of a complex wave;the first bar on the spectrum. |
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| a whole number of the fundamental frequency fundamental frequency equals the 1st harmonic. |
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| if the harmonic is the fundamental frequency of 100 hz |
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| harmonic=200hz,harmonic=300hz |
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| the portion of a cycle of vibration where the vibrator has passed in a point of time;any stage of a cycle;the timing relationship between pure tones making up a complex periodic sound. |
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| (spatial term)the distance a sound wave disturbance can travel during one complete cycle of vibration the distance between the points of two identical phases in two adjacent cycles; inversely related to frequency it is proportional to the speed of sound.(formula for wavelength=v/f;f=v/wavelength.)wavelength=wavelength;v=velocity;f=frequency). |
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| refers to the maximum displacement of the particles of a medium;related perceptually to the magnitude of sound(loudness);point from rest to the maximum point of displacement is called(PEAK AMPLITUDE);the measurement from each peak amplitude occurs at the maximum points of displacement on the opposite ends of the wave is called(PEAK-TO-PEAK AMPLITUDE)(MEASURED VERTICALLY ON THE WAVE) |
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| the quantity or magnitude of a sound;perception of loudness;amplitude is related to intensity. |
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| the amount of force per unit area-measured in dynes per cm2;the smallest pressure variation required to produce audible sound is approximately .0002dynes/cm2; the smallest pressure variation required to produce audible sound is approximately .0002 dynes/cm2 or 20 micro (a=pascals). |
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| the unit for expressing the ratio between 2 sound pressures or sound powers= 1/10th of a bel;uses logarithms it is non linear; reference level for (SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL)is .0002 dynes/cm2.reference level for the (POWER SCALE) IS 10-16watts/cm2 |
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| hearing level/hearing threshold level |
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| a measurement scale stemming from the sound pressure level scale used when audiologists test hearing; represents normal human hearing which can vary for each frequency level ;the scale is elevated from the bottom of the sound pressure level scale; |
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| the speed of sound,through a transmitting medium. |
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| sound waves where particles of the medium move in the same line of propagation as the wave. |
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| The particles of a medium that move at right angles or perpendicular to the movement of the wave; although we illustrate sound waves as transverse,in reality they are longitudinal waves. |
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| a law that states there is an orderly relationship between a decrease in sound amplitude and the distance that is measured from the sound source; the amplitude of the sound at a given distance from the sound source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the point of measurement of the sound source;(providing sound does not strike an object). |
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| sound of a given intensity |
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| has 1/16th (example1/4)2} of its original intensity at 4 times the distance of the sound source. |
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| a progressing decay in the amplitude of the vibrating body(related to the above law) |
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| sound that strikes an object converts from sound energy to thermal energy(heat)resulting in sound dissipating. |
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| sound that strikes an object bounces off the object. |
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| sounds that strike an object bounces off the object in a continous and repeated fashion, prolonging the sound in a confined space; |
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| the bending of sound waves from their path of propagation (resulting from changes in the velocity within the medium) |
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| sounds that have energy distributed at more than one frequency. |
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| a graph used to show amplitude plotted as a function of frequency at a single point in time;the vertical length of the single line represents the height of the amplitude of a pure tone that has been graphed; the spectrum can show energy of more than one frequency at a point in time represented by the bars on the spectrum ( which is ideal for complex sounds) |
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| compairing to the wave form |
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| wave forms shows the amplitude changes overtime; |
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| waves shapes have periodicity when the wave shape repeats itself over time;for pure tones this is easier to see -the sine wave repeats itself;for complex sounds can still have a wave form that has a pattern to it or repeats itself over time. |
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| wave shapes that do not repeat themselves as a function in time; not cyclical;basically noise-like(voice-less;fricative;static on the radio); |
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| hissing type of noise; it has energy distrubited evenly throughout the spectrum; so it is useful to mask other sounds; shown in the form of a spectral envelope that runs horizontally across a spectrum(white noise is shown by a horizontal flat line; |
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| a device used to analyze the speech signal in terms of its acoustic characteristics; |
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| is the visual display resulting from speech recorded by the spectrograph;to show the disturbances that occur in frequency and amplitude as a function of time; frequency displayed by the vertical(y) axis; time displayed by the horizontal(x)axis; amplitude displayed by the shades of darkness( the darker the shade the greater the amplitude) |
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