Term
Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA)
Interarytenoid (IA) |
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Definition
Adductors—pull vocal folds together (voicing)
5 Layers
Thyroarytenoid muscle
Lamina propria (mucous membrane)
Deep layer—collagen fibers
Intermediate layer—elastic fibers (dense)
Superficial layer (Reinke’s space)—elastic fibers
Epithelium |
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Term
| Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) |
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Definition
| Abductor—pull vocal folds apart (breathing) |
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Definition
| Elongates & tenses vocal folds |
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Definition
A small U-shaped bone at the top of the larynx.
Attachment for tongue. |
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| Ring-shaped, narrow in front, flaring to a larger, squarish plate in back. |
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Definition
Covers larynx for swallowing.
Attaches to inner surface of thyroid cartilage, just below thyroid notch. |
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Definition
Pyramidal shape with two projections
Vocal process, to which vocal folds attach
Muscular process |
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Definition
Attach in front near the midline of the thyroid cartilage
Attach in back to vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages |
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Definition
Have larynx as one point of attachment, with the other point of attachment outside the larynx.
Surround & anchor the larynx |
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Definition
Origin & insertion in larynx.
All deal with vocal fold movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vocal folds do no close completely, allowing a continuous flow of air to escape during phonation--Turbulent airflow results in less periodic waveform |
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Definition
| If vocal folds are irritated, they will vibrate in a less periodic fashion. |
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Term
| Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR) |
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Definition
The ratio of harmonic sound to noise
Measured in dB. |
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Definition
| The theory that speech can be accounted for as a source and a filter (and a radiation characteristic). |
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Term
| The source is the output of the ______ |
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Definition
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| The filter is the resonance of the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the Radiation Characteristic |
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Definition
If we excise a larynx from a cadaver and force air through the vocal folds, we get a steeper cutoff
The vocal source falls off at an amplitude of approximately 12 dB/octave.
However, the mouth enhances higher frequencies, reducing this falloff to 6 dB/octave. |
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Definition
| providing the flow of air, i.e. the basic source of power |
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| transforming flow of air from the lungs into audible sounds, voiced or unvoiced |
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| modulating this raw material into the individual speech sounds that constitute human language. |
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Definition
| The pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air. |
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Definition
Landmark that separates Upper Respiratory System from Lower Respiratory System
Connects pharynx to trachea.
Contains vocal folds |
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| Large, dome-shaped muscle that stretches from one side of rib cage to the other. |
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Definition
11 pairs that run between ribs
External—elevate rib cage, increase volume
Internal—lower rib cage, decrease volume |
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Definition
Contract diaphragm
Contract external intercostals |
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Definition
Diaphragm & Ext. Intercostals Relax
Internal Intercostals Contract |
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Term
| Differences between life breathing and speech breathing |
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Definition
Location of Air Intake (nose/ mouth)
Ratio of Time for Inhalation vs. Exhalation-
Volume of Air Inhaled per Cycle
Muscle Activity for Exhalation- in speech must control air exhale |
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Definition
| Pressure—forces generated by respiratory processes Volume—amount of air in lungs & airways Flow—change in volume over time Chest Wall Shape—position of components of chest-wall system in speech breathing. |
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Term
| Maximum phonational frequency range (MPFR |
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Definition
| the range of frequencies a person can produce. |
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Term
| Voice Range Profile, or phonetogram |
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Definition
| a plot of a person’s MPFR against dynamic range |
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