Term
|
Definition
| The process of using verbal and nonverbal messages to generate meaning within and across various contexts, cultures, and channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Communication guidelines focused on self, others, purpose, context, content, structure, and expression that help you select and apply effective communication strategies and skills to specific communication situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms and social practices which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The circumstances and settings in which communication takes place. |
|
|
Term
| 1-5. Psychosocial Context |
|
Definition
| The overall psychological and cultural environment in which you live and communicate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical characteristics of a particular communication situation: focuses on a specific time, place, setting, and occasion. |
|
|
Term
| 1-7. Interactional Context |
|
Definition
| The type of communication interaction; whether communication occurs one-to-one, in groups, or between a presenter, and an audience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any form of communication in which something (usually technological) exists between communicators; e.g., telephone, email. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of mediated communication between a person and a large, often unknown audience; e.g., radio, television, film, websites, newspapers, magazines, and books. |
|
|
Term
| 1-10. Media Richness Theory |
|
Definition
| Examines how the qualities of different media affect communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organization of message content into a coherent and purposeful message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The various physical and electronic media through which we express messages |
|
|
Term
| 1-13. Linear Communication Models |
|
Definition
| The earliest type of communication model that functions in only one direction; a source creates a message and sends it through a channel to reach a receiver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person or group of people who create a message intended to produce a particular response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another person or group of people who interpret and evaluate your message. |
|
|
Term
| 1-16. Interactive Communication Models |
|
Definition
| A model that indicates the concepts of noise and feedback to show that communication is not an unobstructed or one-way street. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any verbal or non verbal response you can see or hear from others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal or external obstacles that can prevent the message from reaching its receivers as intended. |
|
|
Term
| 1-19. Transactional Communication Model |
|
Definition
| Illustrations that show how we send and receive messages at the same time within specific contexts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agreed-upon standards of right and wrong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sum total of beliefs you have about yourself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An understanding of your core identity that requires a realistic assessment of your traits, thoughts and feelings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sensitivity to your own behavior and others' reactions as well as the ability to modify how you present yourself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evaluations of your self-concept in terms of your abilities, attitudes, and behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of evaluating yourself in relation to the others in your reference group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Your positive and negative judgments of yourself. |
|
|
Term
| 2-7. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy |
|
Definition
| An impression formation process in which an initial impression elicits behavior that conforms to the impression. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A willingness to recognize, accept, and "own" your thoughts, feelings, and behavior, but not an excuse for inappropriate behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Being accountable for your own happiness and fulfillment of goals without trying to control everything and everyone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of behaving in ways that are consistent with your values and beliefs while also understanding and respecting others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The silent statements you make to yourself about yourself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process we use to select, organize and interpret sensory stimuli. |
|
|
Term
| 2-13. Figure-Ground Principle |
|
Definition
| A perception principle that explains why we focus on certain features-the figure-while de emphasizing less relevant stimuli-the ground. |
|
|
Term
| 2-14. Proximity Principle |
|
Definition
| A perception principle that explains why the closer objects, events, or people are to one another; the more they are perceived as belonging together. |
|
|
Term
| 2-15. Similarity Principle |
|
Definition
| A perception principle that explains why similar items or people are more likely to be perceived as a group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A perception principle that explains why we often fill in missing elements in order to form a more complete impression of an object, person, or event. |
|
|
Term
| 2-17. Simplicity Principle |
|
Definition
| A perception principle that explains why we tent to organize information in a way that provides the simplest interpretation of objects, people, or experiences. |
|
|
Term
| 2-18. Perception Checking |
|
Definition
| A method for testing the accuracy of perceptual interpretations. |
|
|
Term
| 2-19. Communication Apprehension |
|
Definition
| An individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of people who coexist within the mainstream society yet remain connected to one another through their cultural heritage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A belief that your culture is superior to others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generalizations about a group or people that oversimplify their characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive or negative attitudes about an individual or cultural group based on little or no direct experience with that person or group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behavior that acts out and expresses positive or negative attitudes about an individual or cultural group based on little or no direct experience with that person or group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The assumption that people with certain inherited characteristics (such as skin color) have negative characteristics and abilities that is inferior to those from other races. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A socially constructed concept that is the outcome of ancient population shifts that left their mark in human genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our self-concept as derived from the social categories to which we see ourselves belonging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to understand and use the religious terms, symbols, images, beliefs, practices, scripture, heroes, themes and stories employed in American public life. |
|
|
Term
| 3-10. Intercultural Dimension |
|
Definition
| An aspect of a culture that can be measured relative to other cultures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural belief that independence is worth pursuing, that personal achievement should be rewarded, and that individual uniqueness is an important value. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural belief that emphasizes the views, needs, and goals of the group rather than focusing on the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical and psychological distance between those in a culture who have power and those who do not have power. |
|
|
Term
| 3-14. High Power Distance |
|
Definition
| Cultures in which individuals accept differences in power as normal and allow the privileged to use their poser to guide or control the lives of people with less power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural belief in which power distinctions are minimized |
|
|
Term
| 3-16. Masculine Societies |
|
Definition
| Societies in which men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success, whereas women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Societies in which gender roles overlap: both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. |
|
|
Term
| 3-18. High-Context Cultures |
|
Definition
| A cultural dimension in which very little meaning is expressed through words; gestures, silence, and facial expressions, as well as the relationships among communicators, have meaning. |
|
|
Term
| 3-19. Low-Context Cultures |
|
Definition
| A cultural dimension in which meaning is expressed primarily through language; people tend to speak more, speak more loudly, and speak more rapidly than a person from a high-context culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural dimension in which events are scheduled as separate items--one thing at a time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural dimension in which schedules are not important and are frequently broken; people are not slaves to time and are easily distracted and tolerant of interruption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to be fully aware of the present moment without making hasty judgments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when people allow rigid categories and false distinctions to become habits of thought and behavior. |
|
|
Term
| 3-24. Communication Accommodation Theory |
|
Definition
| When people believe that another group has more power or has desirable characteristics, they tend to accommodate their conversations to the accepted speech behaviors and norms of the group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to a spoken and/or nonverbal message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The limited capacity to remember content immediately after listening to a series of numbers, words, sentences, or paragraphs. |
|
|
Term
| 4-3. Working Memory Theory |
|
Definition
| Explains the dual-task system of working memory (rather than short-term memory) that involves information processing and storage functions as well as creating new meanings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The memory subsystem you use when trying to understand information, remember it, or use it to solve a problem or communicate with someone; it allows you to shift message content from and into long-term memory |
|
|
Term
| 4-5. Discriminative Listening |
|
Definition
| The ability to accurately distinguish auditory and/or visual stimuli |
|
|
Term
| 4-6. Comprehensive Listening |
|
Definition
| The ability to accurately understand the meaning of spoken and nonverbal messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to understand and identify with another person's feelings or experiences |
|
|
Term
| 4-8. Analytical Listening |
|
Definition
| The ability to evaluate another person's message objectively |
|
|
Term
| 4-9. Appreciative Listening |
|
Definition
| The ability to value and enjoy another person's message |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process you use to analyze what you read, see, or hear to arrive at a justified conclusion or decision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statement that identifies your belief or position on a particular issue or topic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A conclusion based on claims of fact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A claim supported by evidence or reasons for accepting it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An error in thinking that leads to false or invalid claims |
|
|
Term
| 4-15. Attacking the Person |
|
Definition
| A fallacy of reasoning in which irrelevant attacks are made against a person rather than the substance of an argument. |
|
|
Term
| 4-16. Appeal to Authority |
|
Definition
| A fallacy of reasoning in which the opinion of someone who has no relevant experience is used to support an argument |
|
|
Term
| 4-17. Appeal to Popularity |
|
Definition
| A fallacy of reasoning that claims an action is acceptable because many people do it. |
|
|
Term
| 4-18. Appeal to Tradition |
|
Definition
| A fallacy of reasoning that claims a certain course of action should be followed because that is the way it has been done in the past |
|
|
Term
| 4-19. Hasty Generalization |
|
Definition
| A fallacy of reasoning in which a conclusion is based on too little evidence or too few experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of arbitrary signs and symbols used to communicate thoughts and feelings |
|
|
Term
| 5-2. Verbal Communication |
|
Definition
| The ways in which we use the words in a language to generate meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the specific and objective dictionary-based meaning of the word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The emotional responses and personal thoughts connected to the meaning of a word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words that refer to specific things that can be perceived by our sense. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words that refer to an idea or concept that cannot be observed or touched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words that group objects and ideas very generally, such as vehicle or animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words that come to mind when you see an object, such as car or cat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most concrete words that provide specific descriptions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Modifying how we use verbal and nonverbal communication in different contexts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of misunderstanding that occurs when people miss each other with their meanings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild, indirect, or vague word which substitutes for a harsh, blunt or offensive one. |
|
|
Term
| 5-13. Exclusionary Language |
|
Definition
| Uses words that reinforce stereotypes, belittle other people, or exclude others from misunderstanding an in-group's message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The specialized or technical language of a profession or homogenous group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The subject of a sentence performs the action, as in "Bill read the book." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the subject of a sentence receives the action, as "The book that was read by Bill." |
|
|
