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Speech Disorders
voice disorders, speech disorders, and hearing loss
13
Audiology
Undergraduate 4
12/12/2012

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Term
Articulation
Definition
Assumes the individual has difficulty with the physical act of producing sounds.
Term
Articulation vs. Phonological Disorders
Definition
Articulation= peripheral issues. should not affect other areas of language, difficulty "making sounds"
Phonological Disorder= central issue. May affect other areas of language. Difficulty "making sense"
Term
Contributing Factors of SSD
Definition
Articulation- developmental, sensory impairment, motor impairment, structural difference
Phonological- developmental, related to cognitive impairment, related to other language impairments.
Term
Predicting an Articulation Disorder
Definition
if when testing a child they use it in some positions but not other it is NOT an articulation difficulty
Term
Types of Articulation Disorders
Definition
SODA
substitutions, omissions, distortions, addition
Term
Pattern of Errors
Definition
Syllabic Simplification: deletion of final consonant, deletion of unstressed syllable, reduction of consonant cluster
Substitution Patterns: stopping and fronting
Assimilation Processes (sound production influenced by nearby sounds)- backward assimilation (goggie) instead of doggie and forward assimilation (televivion)
Term
Phonological Treatment
Definition
3 underlying principles: 1. focus on groups of sounds, treating patterns rather than individual sounds 2. Phonological Contrasts, focus on how different sounds result in a different meaning. 3. naturalistic context, usually work with real words in meaningful contexts
Term
Minimal Contrast Theory
Definition
most phonemic approaches use minimal word pairs
Term
Cause of SSD: Developmental
Definition
most common cause of speech disorders in children
slow maturation of speech development?
Not pick up on cues in the environment similar to other children
often occurs in the absence of any other problem but may co-occur with delayed language development.
Term
Speech Banana
Definition
indicates where energy lies for speech sounds. Vowels carry the most energy, but consonants carry the most information
Term
Cerebral Palsy
Definition
Disorder of motor control that results from brain damage
Primary Impairments: abnormal muscle tone, impaired motor control. impaired coordination and balance, weakness, loss of sensation.
Term
Bell's Palsy (Unilateral Facial Paralysis)
Definition
Unilateral weakness or paralysis of facial muscles
Caused by damage to the VII cranial nerve
may be associated with trauma or virus but often the cause is unknown.
Can affect ability to articulate clearly. Often is not permanent.
Term
Hemifacial Microsomia (Structural Disorder)
Definition
Abnormal growth of structures on one side of the face.
Skeletal, Muscular, Hearing
May also have VPI (velopharyngeal impairment)
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