Term
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Definition
| The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuromechanical process of producing sounds to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
A system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols that permits communication. A set of arbitrary symbols that are constrained in their interrelationship by perception, produciton, and central processing rules.
Consists of Semantics, phonology, and syntax |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication thru vocalized sounds (phonation) that form spoken words and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| distinct sound produced by the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
a distinct sound that contrasts with others
(American English has 25 consonant and 17 vowel phonemes) |
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Term
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Definition
disturbance of phonation causing alteration of volume
(hyper and hypophonia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Distrubance of articulation caused by impaired motor control resulting in slurring of speech |
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Term
| What are the different types of Dysarthria? |
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Definition
Flaccid
Spastic
Ataxic
Hypokinetic
Hyperkinetic
Mixed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the organs used in normal phonation? (effector organs) |
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Definition
Tongue
Lips
Pharynx
Vocal Cords |
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Term
| What can disruption of the motor pathways or to the muscles of the effector organs cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is Speech volume increased? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is speech volume decreased? |
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Definition
| Vocal Cord and Extrapyramidal Disorders (Parkinson's) |
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Term
| What happens to speech in fluent aphasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to speech in non-fluent apashia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of disorders usually has abnormal Articulation? |
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Definition
| Many CNS and PNS disorders and in end-organ lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of ability for spoken and written language |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of the ability to read when no visual impairment exists |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of the ability to write when no motor impairment exists |
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Term
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Definition
| Language errors due to word or sound substitution |
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Term
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Definition
Substitution of one word for another
(fork for spoon) |
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Term
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Definition
substitution of one sound for another
(moon for spoon) |
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Term
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Definition
creation of meaningless words
(woon for spoon) |
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Term
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Definition
the meaning or the interpretation of a word, sentence or other language form
(language lexicon) |
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Term
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Definition
| The system of rules implicit in a language, viewed as a mechanism for generating all sentences possible in that language |
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Term
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Definition
| tone, inflection, volume of words and sentences that add meaning to language. Prosody is a very important aspect of language that can dramatically modify the interpretation of a phrase |
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Term
| What hemisphere is dominant in 95% of Right handed people? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hemisphere is dominant in 65% of Left-handed people? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a SPECT Scan what area lights up when a subject is instructed to passively view a word? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a SPECT Scan what area lights up when a subject is instructed to passively view a word? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a SPECT Scan what area lights up when a subject is instructed to passively view a word? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hemisphere is dominant in 65% of Left-handed people? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area of the brain lights up on a SPECT scan when a subject is asked to passively view a word? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a subject listens to a word with no visual input what areas of the brain light up? |
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Definition
| Hershel's gyrus and Wernicke's area |
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Term
| Whe a subject speaks a word what areas of the brain light up? |
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Definition
facial area of the motor strip
Broca's area |
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Term
| What area of the brain lights up when the subject is asked to generate word associations? |
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Definition
| Language association area |
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Term
| In a Left Hemisphere dominant person, what language functions are found in the left hemisphere? |
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Definition
Lexical and syntactic Language
Writing
Speech |
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Term
| In a Left Hemisphere dominant person what language functions are in the Right hemisphere? |
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Definition
Emotional coloring of language
Rudimentary Speech |
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Term
| What are the 6 components of language that should be tested when suspect a language dysfunction? |
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Definition
Expression
Comprehension of Spoken Language
Repetition
Reading
Writing
Naming |
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Term
| What type of Peri-Sylvian Syndrome is characterized by Reduced verbal output, non-fluent, but Comprehension is relatively spared? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area would a lesion be located in Broca's Aphasia? |
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Definition
Brodmann's areas 44 and 45
(Broca's Area) |
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Term
| What Peri-Sylvian Syndrome is characterized by normal or increased verbal output, fluent, but seriously impaired comprehension? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area of the brain would have a lesion with Wernicke's Aphasia? |
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Definition
Brodmann's area 22
(Wernicke's area) |
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Term
| What syndrome is both expressive and receptive language function seriously impaired? |
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Definition
Global Aphasia
Similar to Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia |
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Term
| What area of the brain would have a lesion in a Global Aphasia? |
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Definition
| Large area of the Left hemisphere |
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Term
| What is characteristic of Conduction Aphasia? |
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Definition
Comprehension and fluency are relatively good
Repetition is poor
Paraphasic errors are common |
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Term
| What Peri-sylvian syndrome developes from lesions located in the supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Conduction Aphasia? |
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Definition
| occlusion of the angular branch of the LEFT middle cerbral artery |
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Term
| What are patients with Transcortical Motor Aphasia able to do that Broca's patients are not? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Extra-sylvian syndrome has a lesion location in the Left anterior frontal lobe, superior or inferior to Broca's area? |
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Definition
| Transcortical Motor Aphasia |
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Term
| What Extra-Sylvian Syndrome is similar to Wernicke's except that subjects are able to repeat? |
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Definition
| Transcortical Sensory Aphasia |
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Term
| Where are lesions found in patients with Transcortical Sensory Aphasia? |
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Definition
| Border zone between the Left middle cerebral and posterior cerebral arteries |
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Term
| What Extra-Sylvian Syndrome is similar to Global Aphasia, except patients are able to repeat? |
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Definition
| Mixed Transcortical Aphasia |
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Term
| What Extra-Sylvian Syndrome has a lesion in the border zone between the left middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries? |
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Definition
| Mixed Transcortical Aphasia |
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Term
| What can cause Mixed Transcrotical Aphasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Gerstmann Syndrome? |
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Definition
anomia
alexia
agraphia
right-left disorientation
acalculia
finger agnosia
lesion localized to Left angular gyrus |
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Term
| Where would a lesion be located if a patient has Alexia without Agraphia? What can cause this? |
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Definition
Left medial occipital and medial temporal lobe involving the splenium of the corpus callosum
Caused by Branch occlusion of Left posterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| What other visual problems do people who have alexia without agraphia have? |
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Definition
Right Visual Field Deficit
Right Homonymous Hemianopsia
Info from the Rigth visual field cannot reach the language areas because of the splenium lesion |
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Term
| What syndrome will a patient have if they have fluent Aphasia, they can comprehend, but they cannot repeat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What syndrome if a patient has fluent aphasia, they cannot comprehend, but they can repeat? What if they cannot repeat? |
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Definition
Repeats?
Yes - Transcortical sensory aphasia
No - Wernicke's Aphasia |
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Term
| What syndrome would a patient have if they have Non-fluent Aphasia, can comprehend and can repeat? If they cannot repeat? |
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Definition
Repeats?
Yes - Transcortical Motor Aphasia
No - Broca's Aphasia |
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Term
| What Syndrome would a patient have if they have Non-fluent Aphasia, they cannot comprehend, but they can repeat? If they cannot repeat? |
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Definition
Repeats?
Yes - Mixed Transcortical aphasia
No - Global aphasia |
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