Term
| What are 5 important components necessary for interpreting an EKG? |
|
Definition
Rate
Rhythm
Axis
Intervals
Morphology (ST, T waves, PR, delta waves) |
|
|
Term
| Give 6 examples of important common rhythms you may see on EKG. |
|
Definition
Sinus
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Supraventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation |
|
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Term
| Which 2 leads are most helpful for determining axis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range for PR interval. |
|
Definition
| 0.12-0.20 s (3-4 horizontal boxes) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| ___ of elderly suffer from dizziness at some time. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Of those with dizziness, over ___ have more than one reason to be dizzy. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a maneuver to test for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is perhaps the most key question to ask about the dizziness to determine what type it might be? |
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Definition
| The duration of the dizziness. Is it seconds, minutes, hours or days? |
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Term
| Name 3 important categories of types of dizziness. |
|
Definition
Vertigo
Presyncopal lightheadedness
Dysequilibrium |
|
|
Term
| What are two associations with vertigo that do not involve inner ear pathology, but rather significant pathology elsewhere, potentially? |
|
Definition
Impending syncope
Can be the first sign of stroke |
|
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Term
| If you've determined that the dizziness is truly vertigo, what are 4 common causes? |
|
Definition
Meniere's disease
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Vestibular neuronitis
Migranous vertigo |
|
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Term
| If the dizziness is determined to be orthostatic hypotension, how can you address it? |
|
Definition
May adjust medications, if possible
Counsel patient regarding behaviors that may reduce it
(ie stand up slowly, lights on when standing, hold on to support) |
|
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Term
| If dysequilibrium is though to be the cause of dizziness, what intervention may be the most likely to help? |
|
Definition
Stop vestibular suppression (paradoxically)
Also, consider adjusting other medications |
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Term
| This vertigo cause lasts seconds to minutes, associated with symptoms of panic, nausea or vomiting and demonstrates positive Dix-Hallpike. |
|
Definition
| Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo |
|
|
Term
| This vertigo lasts for hours, is associated with ear fullness, tinnitis and potentially hearing loss. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This vertigo lasts for days and may demonstrate spontaneous nystagmus on exam. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This vertigo lasts for hours, and may be associated with headache, but it may be isolated. |
|
Definition
Migranous vertigo
(You can treat with migraine cocktail to try and diagnose) |
|
|
Term
| 5 classic findings associated with a positive Dix-Hallpike test. |
|
Definition
Upbeating rotatory nystagmus
Latency
Brief duration
Synchonous symptoms (ie panic)
Fatigueable (not often assessed) |
|
|
Term
| This is an antihistamine and antiemetic is often used as a vestibular suppressant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a therapeutic maneuver aimed at treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are 8 medicines listed that were vestibular suppressants. Name as many as you can. |
|
Definition
Meclizine
Dimenhydrinate
Benzodiazipines
Scopolamine
Perchlorperazine
Droperidol
Diphenhydramine
Hydroxzine |
|
|
Term
| The etiology of disease: VITAMIN C |
|
Definition
Vascular
Infectious
Trauma
Anatomic/autoimmune
Metabolic
Iatrogenic/idiopathic
Neoplastic
Congenital |
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|
Term
| Proportion of the population over 65 years old that have sensineural hearing loss. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 types of hearing aid designs. |
|
Definition
Behind the ear
Full in the ear
In the ear canal
Completely in the canal |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral acoustic neuromas. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How does tracheostomy influence the risk for aspiration? |
|
Definition
| It increases it, paradoxically. (In all patients?) |
|
|
Term
| Tracheotomy performed in ICU without surgical dissection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A significant complication of tracheotomy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One-way trach tube valve. |
|
Definition
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