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Special Needs
Special Needs
128
Architecture
4th Grade
02/11/2014

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Cards

Term
What class of medications can help with xerostomia?
Definition
cholinergics such as prilocaine
Term
What is an example of anti platelet drug?
Definition
aspirin
Term
What is an example of an anticoagulant drug?
Definition
warfarin
Term
What is the limited amountof epi allowed for people with heart conditions?
Definition
0.04 mg(2 carps 1:100,000)
Term
What is the blood pressure that we will not see a patient in private practive?
Definition
180/110
Term
What is the cause of primary hypertension?
Definition
cause unknown, develops over time
Term
What are some common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
Definition
posttural hypotension, dry cough
Term
Which type of beta-blockers should epi be used with caution?
Definition
nonselective
Term
What is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers?
Definition
gingival hyperplasia, xerostomia
Term
How long should selective treatment be put off after a heart attack?
Definition
6 months
Term
What is ischemia?
Definition
lack of oxygen
Term
Pain in the mandible may indicate what?
Definition
angina
Term
How often should nitroglycerin tablets be replaced?
Definition
every 6 months
Term
How much nitroglycerine should be given to a patient having an angina attack?
Definition
1 tablet every 5 minutes
Term
What should the systolic blood pressure be under before administering nitro?
Definition
>100
Term
What causes a stroke?
Definition
oxygen supply to the brain cut off
Term
How long should it be after a stroke before elective dental treatment?
Definition
6 months
Term
What is the primary pace setter in the heart?
Definition
AV node
Term
What is ventricular fibrillation?
Definition
rapid heart beat with erratic electrical impulses of ventricles
Term
How is ventricular fibrillation treated?
Definition
AED
Term
Can ultrasonics be used on people with pacemakers?
Definition
if they are shielded
Term
Can epi be administered to people with cardiac arrythemias?
Definition
no
Term
What is the primary pacemaker in the heart?
Definition
SA node
Term
Can nitrous be used on pts with congenital heart disease?
Definition
no because of possible pulmonary congestion
Term
What medication may patient be taking for congestive heart faulure?
Definition
digoxin, lanoxin
Term
What is a possible side effect of digoxin?
Definition
increased gag reflex
Term
Should air polishers or ultrasonics be used on people with congestive heart failure?
Definition
no, it would be hard for them to breathe
Term
How long after a coronary artery bypass should a patient wait to have elective dental treatment?
Definition
6 weeks
Term
Is a premed needed for a coronary bypass surgery?
Definition
no
Term
Is a preantibiotic needed for a patient with a valve replacement?
Definition
yes
Term
What will a patient be taking if they have mechanical valve?
Definition
warfarin(Coumadin)
Term
What are 4 common medications of asthma?
Definition
1. albuterol(Ventolin)
2. salmeterol(Serevent)
3. flutocasone(Flovent)
4. advair
Term
What is albuterol (Ventolin)?
Definition
short-acting bronchodilator
Term
What is salmeterol(Serevent)?
Definition
long-acting bronchodilator
Term
What is fluicasone(Flovent)?
Definition
corticosteroid-used long term
Term
What is advair?
Definition
long-acting bronchodilator + corticosteriod
Term
What percentage of people with asthma are allergic to aspirin?
Definition
10%
Term
Should nitrous oxide be used on patients with asthma?
Definition
yes
Term
What happens in the lungs to people with emphysema?
Definition
over inflation of the alveoli/air sacs which impair airflow out of the lungs
Term
Do people with emphysema have a increased or decreased respirtaion rate? Dry or wet cough?
Definition
-increased respiration rate
-dry cough
Term
What is the nickname for emphysema?
Definition
pink puffer
Term
What happens in bronchitis? Dry or wet cough?
Definition
inflammation of linings of bronchial tubes which narrows airway, wet cough
Term
What is cystic fibrosis?
Definition
disorder of exocrine glands(glands that go to surfaces like tears, sweat, etc), secretions become thick and sticky, accumulations of mucus blocks air exchange in the lungs
Term
What is AIDS?
Definition
reduced CD4 helper t counts and function
Term
What is kaposi's sarcoma?
Definition
an oral manifestation of HIV?
Term
Why should you avoid the creation of areosols for HIV patients?
Definition
for their protection
Term
What should the recare interval be for HIV patients?
Definition
3 months
Term
What do you want a med con for with HIV/AIDS patients?
Definition
CD4 count and viral load
Term
What do you want a med con for with patients with leukemia?
Definition
platelet count due to aplastic anemia
Term
Are prophylactic antibiotics prescribed to patients with leukemia?
Definition
yes, those on chemo
Term
What is sickle-cell anemia?
Definition
hemoglobin defect that causes blood cells to become sickle shaped(cresent moon shaped) and can occlude small vessels
Term
What does it mean if you carry the sickle cell trait?
Definition
you carry one of the autosomal recessive genes
Term
What does it mean if you have sickle cell disease?
Definition
you carry both autosomal recessive genes
Term
Do people with sickle cell disease need med cons/antibiotic?
Definition
need med con to determine possible antibiotic
Term
What is crohn's disease?
Definition
autoimmune form of inflammatory bowel disease, may involve GI from mouth to anus
Term
What kind of unlcers arise with Crohns's disease?
Definition
aphthous ulcers
Term
When is the best time for a dialysis patient to have an appointment?
Definition
the day after dialysis
Term
When may patient with Crohn's disease be treated?
Definition
when they are in remission on controlled disease
Term
Which dialysis patients need med cons?
Definition
possible premeds if AV shunt or kidney transplant
Term
Can you air polish on a patient with chronic renal failure?
Definition
no because of possible electrolyte inbalance
Term
What is hepatitis?
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
What is the source, risks, and is there a vaccine for hepatitis A?
Definition
source- fecal/oral
risks- poor hygiene
vaccine- yes(hep B)
Term
What is the source, risks, and is there a vaccine for hepatitis B?
Definition
source- blood/bodily fluids
risk- IV drugs,sex, needles
vaccine- yes
Term
What is the source, risks, and is there a vaccine for hepatitis C?
Definition
source- blood/bodily fluids
risks- IV drugs, sex, needles
vaccine- NO
Term
What is the source, risks, and is there a vaccine for hepatitis D?
Definition
source- blood/bodily fluids
risks- IV drugs, sex, needle
vaccine- yes (hep B)
Term
What is the source, risks, and is there a vaccine for hepatitis E?
Definition
source- fecal/oral
risks- poor hygiene
vaccine- NO
Term
HBsAg indicates what?
Definition
hepatitis disease
Term
What do you have to have before you can get hep D?
Definition
hep B
Term
What drugs should be avoided by pts with hepatitis?
Definition
drugs metabolized in the liver(acetaminophen!!)
Term
What is Addison's disease?
Definition
endocrine disease, primary adrenal insufficiency(too little steroid production)
Term
What causes 20% of adddison disease cases?
Definition
TB
Term
Do people with Addison's disease need a med con?
Definition
yes, may need steroid before stressful situation like dental visit
Term
Can you use the air polisher on a patient with Addison's disease?
Definition
no, may disrupt acid base balance
Term
What is Cuhing's disease?
Definition
hypercortisolism
Term
What usually causes Cushing's disease?
Definition
prescribed corticosteroid therapy
Term
What are 2 physical signs of cushings disease?
Definition
buffalo hump, moon facies (fat accumulation on the upper back and face)
Term
Do you need a med con for cushing's disease?
Definition
yes, may need steroid treatment prior to strressful situation(dental appointment)
Term
What is a goiter and what may cause it?
Definition
enlarged thyroid gland, may be caused by lack of iodine or graves disease
Term
What is hyperthyroidism?
Definition
graves disease
Term
What are some signs of Grave's disease?
Definition
goiter, eyes popping out, nervousness, tacycardia, heat intolerant
Term
Can people with graves disease be given epi?
Definition
no
Term
What are some signs of hypothyroidism?
Definition
hypotension, bradycardia, dry skin, cold intolerant, obesity
Term
What is synthroid?
Definition
synthetic hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism
Term
What is cretinism?
Definition
early onset hypothryroidism, mental/physical retardation, macroglossia, delayed tooth eruption
Term
What is myxedema?
Definition
adult onset hypothyroidism, long term/undiagnosed
Term
What medication is commonly prescribed for hypothyroidism?
Definition
levothyroxine(Synthroid)
Term
What can help control involuntary movements in people with cerebral palsay during treatment?
Definition
use of nitrous
Term
What usually causes celebral palsay?
Definition
lack of oxygen during birth
Term
what is muscular dystrophy?
Definition
progressive chronic disease causing muscle atrophy
Term
What is scoliosis?
Definition
spine is curved(C or S shaped)
Term
What is the functional level for a C4 spinal injury?
Definition
needs ventilator
Term
What is the functional level for a C5 spinal injury
Definition
minimal functioning, partial shoulder/biceps
Term
What is the functional level for a C6 spinal injury
Definition
sit, eat with devices, shoulder/biceps, partial wrist
Term
What is the functional level for a C7 spinal injury
Definition
personal self care with devices, shoulder, biceps, wrist, partial hand
Term
What is the functional level for a C8/T1 spinal injury?
Definition
personal self care, wheel chair transfer
Term
What is the first step in wheelchair transfer?
Definition
ask the patient if they can transfer themself
Term
Should home fluoride be given to people with alzeimers?
Definition
No they might forget that they used it
Term
When should people with ADD have appointments?
Definition
mid morning after medications
Term
Should you make eye contact patients who are autistic?
Definition
no
Term
Which nerve is paralyzed with bell's palsy?
Definition
7th crainal nerve
Term
What should be avoided in patients who are taking tricyclic antidepresants?
Definition
vascoconstrictors
Term
Do pts with downs syndrome(trisomy 21) have an increased or decreased caries risk?
Definition
decreased caries risk
Term
What is required for an epilepsy diagnosis?
Definition
2 undiagnosed seizures
Term
What is a petit mal, grand mal, and status epilipticus?
Definition
petit mal- mild
grand mal- severe
status epilipticus- continuous convulsion lasting more than 5 mins
Term
What can phenytion (Dilantin) cause?
Definition
gingival hyperplasia
Term
Who are the patients that epi should not be used on? (3)
Definition
asthma
hyperthyroidism
cocaine/meth
Term
What drugs does epi interact with? (3)
Definition
-non selective beta blockers
-tricyclic antidepressants
-digoxin
Term
What is multiple sclerosis? What medicine treats it?
Definition
chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of CNS, treated with Betaseron
Term
What is pakinsons disease? What is a sign of it?
Definition
chronic, progressive disease of neurons that produce dopamine, causes slow movements, tremors, BRADYKINESA
Term
What is often caused from the medictaions used to treat schizophrenia?
Definition
severe xerostomia
Term
What is epidermolysis bullosa?
Definition
slight rubbing or irritation causes large bullae
Term
What is marfan syndrome?
Definition
heredity condition, tall, long slender fingers, joint problems, congential heart defects
Term
Isa premed needed for pts with Marfan?
Definition
only if congenital heart defect exists
Term
What is Scleroderma(systemia sclerosis)?
Definition
autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of collagen
Term
What do people with Scleroderma(systemia sclerosis) look like? What phenomenon is seen? What is an oral manifestation?
Definition
-porcelain dolls
-raynauds phenomenon
-widening of the PDL
Term
What is raynauds phenomenon?
Definition
episodic vascoconstriction of digits, white discoloration, related to cold
Term
What are some signs of heroin addiction?
Definition
pinpoint pupils, decreased respiratory rate
Term
What medication is used to treat heroin overdose?
Definition
Narcan
Term
What is cocaine? What is a sign of it?
Definition
stimulant, anesthetic, vascoconstrictor, dialated pupils
Term
When can you treat a pt who uses cocaine?
Definition
24 hours after use, interactions with epi
Term
When can you see pts on meth?
Definition
24 hours after use, unsafe with epi
Term
What are the 5 steps to help people stop smoking?
Definition
-Ask
-Advise
-Assess
-Assist
-Arrange
Term
What are some prescription antismoking drugs?
Definition
-Buproprion(Zyban)
-Chantix
Term
What is Buproprion(Zyban)? Possible side effect?
Definition
-antidepressant
-xerostomia
-use epi with caution
Term
What is chantix? Side effect?
Definition
nicotine agonist, xerostomia
Term
What trimester is the only appropriate one to treat a pregnant patient?
Definition
2nd
Term
How should pregnant patient be positioned?
Definition
on left side with pillow to elevate right hip
Term
Can nitrous be used on pg patients?
Definition
no
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