Term
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 |
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Definition
| While this case specifically addressed the inequality of "separate but equal" facilities on the basis if race, the concept that segregation was inherently unequal, even if equal facilities were provided, was later applied to handicapping conditions |
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Term
The Cooperative Research Act
(1954) |
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Definition
| This act passed the first designation of general funds for hte use of students with disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Provided grants to intuitions of higher learning and to state education agencies for training professional personnel who would, in turn, train teachers of students with mental retardation. |
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Term
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
(1965) |
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Definition
Provided funds for the education of children who were disadvantaged and disabled
(P.L. 89-10) |
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Term
Educational Consolidation and Improvement Act-State Operated Programs
[P.L. 89-313]
(1965) |
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Definition
| Provided funds for children with disabilities who are or have been in state-operated or state-supported schools |
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Term
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Definition
| Authorized the establishment of the Bureau Education for the Handicapped (BEH) and a National Advisory Committee on the Handicapped |
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Term
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Definition
| Ruled that ability grouping (tracking) based on student performance on standardized tests is unconstitutional |
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Term
Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Act
P.L. 90-538
(1968) |
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Definition
Funded model demonstration programs for preschool students with disabilities
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Term
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Definition
| Included provisions for deaf-blind centers, resource centers and expansion of media services for students with disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Specified that ten percent of vocational education funds be earmarked for youth with disabilities |
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Term
P.L. 91-231
[Amendments to P.L. 89-10]
(1969)
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Definition
Previous enactment relating to children with disabilities was consolidated into one act:
Education of the Handicapped |
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Term
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens [PARC] v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
(1972) |
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Definition
| Special Education was guaranteed to children with mental retardation. The victory in this case sparked other court cases for children with other disabilities. |
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Term
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
(1972) |
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Definition
| The righ to special education was extended to all children with disabilities, not just mentally retarded children. Judgments in PARC and Mills paved the way for P.L. 94-142. |
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Term
Section 504,
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 |
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Definition
| Expands an older law by extending its protection to other areas that receive federal assistance. a.) must have physical or mental impairment that is limiting in activity, b.) have a record of impairment, c.) regarded as having such an impairment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ruled that the state could not deny a student: education without following due process. While this decision is not based on a special education issue, the process of school suspension and exuplsion is obviously critical in assuring an appropriate public education to children with disabilities. |
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Term
Education for All Handicapped Children Act [P.L. 94-142]
(1975) |
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Definition
| All children are assumed capable of benefitting from education. For children with severe or profound disabilities, "education" may be interpreted to include training in basic self-help skills and vocational training as well as academics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ordered the reevaluation of black students enrolled in classes for educable mental retardation (EMR) and enjoined the California State Department of Education from the use of intelligence tests in subsequent EMR placement decisions. |
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Term
Board of Education v. Rowley
(1982)
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Definition
| The Supreme Court ruled tha school districts must provide those services that permit a student with disabilities to benefit from instruction. The court ruled that the states are obligated to provide a "basic floor of opportunity" that is reasonable to allow the child to benefit from social education. |
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Term
Irving ISD v. Tatro
(1984)
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Definition
(Spina Bifida and medical services.)
School districts are obligated to provide necessary medical services to allow them to attend classes at school. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congress passed a law awarding attorney's fees to parents who win their litigation. |
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Term
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Definition
Where students have presented an immediate threat to others, that student may be temporarily suspended for up to ten school days to give the school and the parents time to review the IEP and discuss possible alternatives to the current placement.
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Term
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Definition
| Outreach programs between the ages of 3 and 5. Identifying children with special needs from birth to 3. The entire family's needs are addressed by an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP), reviewed every six months. |
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Term
Americans with Disabilities Act [ADA]
(1990) |
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Definition
| Bars discrimination in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications in all aspects of life, not just those receiving federal funding. It protects individuals with contagious disease from discrimination. |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
7 parts
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Definition
| Persons with disabilities are are allowed access to everyday patterns and conditions of life that are as close to non-disabled. |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
1. Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) |
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Definition
| Special Education services are provided at no cost to students or their families. |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
2. Notification and Procedural Rights for Parents |
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Definition
a.) can examine records and obtain
independent evaluations.
b.) right to test results and due process with
judicial hearing |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
3. Identification and Services to All Children |
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Definition
| States must conduct public outreach programs to seek out and identify children who may need services. |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
4. Necessary Related Services |
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Definition
| Developmental, corrective, and other support services that make it possible for a student to benefit from SpEd services must be provided; ie. Speech, OI, PI |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
5. Individualized Assessments |
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Definition
| Evaluations and tests must be nondiscriminatory and individualized. |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
6. Individualized Education Plans (IEP) |
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Definition
| Plans are developed at a meeting that is attended by rep from LEA, SpEd teacher, GenEd teacher, parents, student when appropriate. |
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Term
IDEA
P.L. 101-476
(1990)
7. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) |
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Definition
| Learning environment is not dangerous, overly controlling or intrusive, given opportunities to experience learning as do others w/o SpEd. It is the most integrated and normalized for the student's strengths and weaknesses. |
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Term
Florence County School District Four v. Shannon Carter
(1993) |
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Definition
| If a school district doesn't proved FAPE for a student with disability, the parents may seek reimbursement for private schooling |
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Term
Reauthorization of IDEA
P.L. 105-17
(1997) |
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Definition
1. Look at previous data, tests and info to use when appropriate
2. Parents included with eligibility decisions.
3. IEP involves SpEd student involved in GenEd classroom with
services of modifications and accommodations
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Term
Present Levels of Educational Performance [PLEP]
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Definition
| Statement of how child's disability affects his involvement/noninvolvement and progress in Gen curriculum, making connection between the SpEd and GenEd curriculum, providing test accommodations |
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