Term
1. Hay
2. Cuando hay claridad no hay elección y cuando hay elección, hay sufrimiento.
3. Mírenlo! El contenido: hay color, hay ideas, hay recuerdos, hay historia.
4. Donde hay vida espiritual, hay actividad espiritual. |
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Definition
1. There is, There are
2. Where there is clarity, there is no choice... and where there is choice, there is misery.
3. I mean, just content - there's color, there's ideas, there's memories, there's history.
4. Where there is spiritual life, there is spiritual activity. |
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Term
1. Hubo
2. Hubo un incendio en Barcelona. —
3. Además de paisajes, hubo distintas vivencias.
4. Los siguientes días hubo una reducción significativa del picor.
5. En su administración siempre hubo tolerancia. |
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Definition
1. there was/were (simple past)
The preterit (simple past) tense form is used to talk about things that existed/happened at a point in time:
2. There was a fire in Barcelona.
3. In addition to the sceneries, there were several experiences.
4. The very next day there was a significant reduction in the itching.
5. In his administration there was always a measure of tolerance. |
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Term
1. había
2. Había velas en la ventana.
3. No había medicamentos y había poca esperanza.
4. Cuando ella había acabado, había aplauso salvaje.
+ It’s extremely common to hear native speakers say rather habían velas, as if the verb haber had a plural form in this impersonal sense of things existing. Officially, it does not, and había is the only “correct” option. |
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Definition
1. There were (imperfect)
2. There were candles in the window.
3. There were no medicines and there was little hope.
4. When she had finished, there was wild applause.
+ The imperfect form is the past tense you want when you’re setting the scene for a story, and explaining what did or didn’t exist: |
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Term
1. habrá
2. Habrá un pulpo cocido a la perfección en la mesa cuando ella vuelva.
3. Pero si elegiste amar habrá dolor. |
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Definition
1. There will be
2. There will be a perfectly cooked octopus on the table when she comes back.
3. But if you choose to love there will be pain.
+ The future form indicates what will exist: |
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Term
1. habría
2. Habría patatas tambíen, si ella volviera. —
3. Lo habría intentado solamente en mi garaje.
4. Supongo que habría costado muchísimo más. |
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Definition
1. there would be (cond)
2. There would be potatoes too, if she came back.
3. I would have tried it alone in my garage.
4. I suppose it would have cost a lot more.
+ The conditional form shows what would exist, and is great for those “if only” situations that are really out of your control: |
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Term
1. haya,
2. Yo quería que hubiera pasión toda la vida. —
3. Mi madre odia que haya cortinas de tela barata en mi salón. —
4. Cuando haya cualquier error, serás castigado.
5. Pero no significa que haya desparecido. |
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Definition
1. there are/were (present subjunctive)
2. I wanted there to be passion for a lifetime.
3. My mother hates that there are cheap fabric curtains in my living room.
4. When there is any mistake, you will be punished.
5. But that doesn't mean they're gone.
In the subjunctive mood, you can use the present (haya) and past (hubiera, or, less often, hubiese) tenses to explain your feelings about or desires for the existence of things: All of the other standard uses of the subjunctive mood also apply. |
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Term
1. hubiera/ hubiese
2. Esto hubiera significado que nuestra gira mundial hubiera sido cancelada.
3. Pero personalmente, dudo que hubiera una intervención.
4. No pensé que hubiera secretos entre nosotros.
5. Sentí que mi caballo encarecido hubiese vuelto. |
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Definition
1. there are/were (imperfect subjunctive)
2. This would have meant that our world tour would have been canceled.
3. But personally, I doubt that there was an intervention.
4. I didn't think that there were secrets kept between us.
5. I felt that my cherished horse had come back. |
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Term
1. habido (preceded by ha, había, etc…)
2. Ha habido un aumento sutil en la temperatura. —
3. Antes del infierno, siempre había habido tiempo para volver juntos. —
4. En otros países ha habido retrocesos.
5. Según los informes, había habido 12 heridos. |
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Definition
1. there has/have been (preceded by ha, había, etc…)
2. There has been a subtle rise in temperature.
3. Before the inferno, there had always been time to get back together.
4. In other countries, there have been setbacks.
5. There were reports of 12 wounded.
The past participle of haber is regular: habido. It can be preceded by the auxiliary conjugations of haber, such as ha, había, etc.; the only auxiliary form that is different from what we have seen in this article is ha instead of hay for the present perfect impersonal. So we get ha habido for “there has/have been.” |
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Term
1. va a haber
2. Va a haber consecuencias. —
3. Si abandonas esto ahora, vas a haber vendido su destino.
4. No van a haber más arrecifes de coral. |
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Definition
1. there are going (The infinitive haber in sentences; future)
2. There are going to be consequences.
3. If you walk away from this now, you've sealed their fate.
4. There is not going to be no more coral reefs.
The infinitive haber can also be used in the same ways that you would use other infinitives in Spanish: |
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Term
A few expressions with haber:
1. hay de todo —
2. de lo que no hay
3. aquí hay tomate —
4. a buen hambre no hay pan duro — |
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Definition
A few expressions with haber:
1. there’s a bit of everything
2. the worst, the pits
3. something’s fishy (literally, here there are tomatoes)
4. beggars can’t be choosers (literally, to good hunger there isn’t hard bread) |
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Term
A few expressions with haber:
5. es lo que hay —
6. hay de todo como en botica —
7. hay más tiempo que vida — |
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Definition
A few expressions with haber:
5. that’s all there is
6. there’s a wide range/there’s a bit of everything (literally, there’s everything like in the pharmacy)
7. there’s all the time in the world (literally, there’s more time than life) |
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Term
1. Poder
2. Puedo hacer lo que quiero.
3. No puede trabajar los domingos.
4. No puedo ir al cine.
5. ¿Puedes tocar el piano hoy?
6. ¿Sabes tocar el piano? |
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Definition
1. In the Present Tense To Mean ‘Can’ or ‘May’
2. ("I can do what I want.")
3. ("She can't work on Sundays.")
4. ("I can't go to the movies.")
5. ("Can you play the piano today?")
6. "Do you know how to play the piano?"
The present-tense forms of poder indicate the ability, either physical ability or having permission, to do something. It is distinguished from saber, which means "to know how." Thus, while one may ask, ¿Puedes tocar el piano hoy? ("Can you play the piano today?"), one normally would ask, ¿Sabes tocar el piano? ("Can you play the piano?" or "Do you know how to play the piano?"). |
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Term
1. Podré
2. Podré hacer lo que quiero.
3. No podrá trabajar los domingos.
4. No podré ir al cine. |
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Definition
1. In the Future Tense To Mean ‘Will Be Able’
2. ("I'll be able to do what I want.")
3. ("She won't be able to work on Sundays.")
4. ("I won't be able to go to the movies.")
+ This is similar in usage to the present tense. |
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Term
1. Pudo/Puse/pusieron
2. Pudo salir.
3. No podía salir.
4. No pudo trabajar porque dormía.
5. No podía trabajar porque dormía con frecuencia. |
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Definition
1. In the Preterite or Imperfect To Mean ‘Could’ or ‘Was Able’
2. ("He managed to leave.")
3. ("He was unable to leave.")
4. ("She couldn't work (that particular time) because she was sleeping.")
5. ("She couldn't work because she was often sleeping.")
+ Which tense you use depends on whether the reference is to a one-time event (preterite) or something occurring over a period of time (imperfect). In the preterite, poder can have the sense of "to manage to." |
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Term
1. Podía/Podrían
2. ¿Podrías darme un lápiz?
3. ¿Podías darme un lápiz?
4. ¿Podría lavarme usted los platos?
5. ¿Podía lavarme usted los platos? |
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Definition
1. Imperfect/ Conditional (P...../P......); To Make Polite Requests
2. ("Could you give me a pencil?") Cond
3. ("Could you give me a pencil?") Imp
4. ("Could you wash the dishes for me?") Cond
5. ("Could you wash the dishes for me?") Imp
+ As in English, such requests are made in the form of a question. Usually the conditional form of poder is used, but (while it may seem illogical) the imperfect also can be used. |
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Term
1. Podía/Podrían
2. Podríamos ir al cine.
3. Podíamos ir al cine.
4. Podía no haber salido.
5. Podría no haber salido. |
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Definition
1. Imperfect/ Conditional (P...../P......); "could," "may," or "might" - To Express Possibility or Suggestions
2. ("We could go to the movies.")
3. ("We could go to the movies.")
4. ("He might not have left.")
5. ("He might not have left.")
+ Either "could," "may," or "might" can be used to translate poder when it is used to indicate a possibility or offer a suggestion. In such cases, either the conditional form of poder or (again, seemingly illogically) the imperfect can be used. The imperfect form may be understood as more colloquial. |
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Term
1. Puso/Podría
2. Pudo salir a las tres.
3. Pienso en lo que pudo ser.
4. Me lo podías haber dicho. |
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Definition
1. Preterite/ Conditional - To Express What Could Have Happened but Didn’t
2. ("She could have left at 3 o'clock.)
3. ("I'm thinking about what might have been.")
4. ("You could have told me.")
+ The preterite is usually used in such cases, although the conditional can be used when directly criticizing somebody. |
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Term
1. Poder as a Noun; The noun poder means "power" or "authority."
2. The adjective form is poderoso, "powerful."
3. Related terms include potente ("potent" or "powerful"),
4. potencia ("power," "potency," "strength") and
5. potencial ("potential"). |
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Definition
1. P_____ as a Noun; The noun p_____ means "power" or "authority."
2. The adjective form is p________, "powerful."
3. Related terms include p_______ ("potent" or "powerful"),
4. p_______ ("power," "potency," "strength") and
5. p_______ ("potential"). |
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Term
Poder Standing Alone as a Verb These are the main exceptions to the rule that poder must be followed by an infinitive:
1. When the infinitive is implied by the context.
a. No puedo.
b. ¿Quién puede más?
2. In the impersonal expression puede que, usually followed by a verb in the subjunctive, meaning "perhaps" or "it is possible."
a. Puede que salga.
b. Porque puede que quiera verlo después. |
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Definition
Poder Standing Alone as a Verb These are the main exceptions to the rule that poder must be followed by an infinitive:
1. When the infinitive is implied by the context.
a. ("I can't.")
b. ("Who can do more?")
2. In the impersonal expression p____ q__, usually followed by a verb in the subjunctive, meaning "perhaps" or "it is possible."
a. ("Perhaps he will leave.")
b. Because you may want to see him later.
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Term
Poder Standing Alone as a Verb
These are the main exceptions to the rule that poder must be followed by an infinitive:
3. In the expression poder con, translated in various ways such as "to manage" or "to cope."
a. No puedo con ella.
b. No puedo con el enojo.
4. In various expressions where it means roughly "could do."
a. La curiosidad pudo más que el miedo
b. No pude menos que dar gracias. |
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Definition
Poder Standing Alone as a Verb
These are the main exceptions to the rule that poder must be followed by an infinitive:
3. In the expression poder con, translated in various ways such as "to manage" or "to cope."
a. ("I can't handle her.")
b. ("I can't deal with the anger.")
4. In various expressions where it means roughly "could do."
a. (roughly, "his curiosity overcame his fear").
b. ("I couldn't do anything less than giving thanks.") |
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Term
Poder Standing Alone as a Verb These are the main exceptions to the rule that poder must be followed by an infinitive:
5. In the idiom ´a más no poder´, which means "as much as possible" or "to the utmost."
a. Jugaba a más no poder.
b. Es feo a más no poder.
6. In the expression ¿Se puede?, |
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Definition
Poder Standing Alone as a Verb These are the main exceptions to the rule that poder must be followed by an infinitive:
5. In the idiom ´a m__ n_ p_____´, which means "as much as possible" or "to the utmost."
a. ("He played as hard as he could.")
b. ("It's as ugly as could be.")
6. In the expression ¿S_ p_____?, meaning "Can I come in?" |
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Term
Key Takeaways:
1. Although poder can be used alone, it most often is used an auxilary verb to mean "can" or "be able to."
2. As an auxiliary verb, poder is followed by an infinitive.
3. The infinitive form, poder, can be used as a noun to refer to power or authority. |
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Definition
Key Takeaways:
1. Although poder can be used alone, it most often is used an auxilary verb to mean "c___" or "be a____ to."
2. As an auxiliary verb, poder is followed by an in________.
3. The infinitive form, poder, can be used as a n____ to refer to power or authority. |
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Term
These are the most common forms of haber!
1. hay
2. había
3. hubo
4. habrá
5. habría
6. ha habido
7. Yo hubiera esperado. |
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Definition
These are the most common forms of haber!
1. there is/are
2. there was/were
3. there was/were
4. there will be
5. there would be
6. there has been
7. I would have waited |
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Term
HABER Examples:
1. Hay una manzana en la canasta.
2. Hay ocho manzanas en la canasta.
3. Había un gato en la casa.
4. Había muchos gatos en la casa.
5. No hay ningún papel en la mesa. |
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Definition
HABER Examples:
1. There is an apple in the basket.
2. There are eight apples in the basket.
3. There was a cat in the house.
4. There were many cats in the house.
(Note that it would be incorrect to use the plural conjugation habían here.)
5. There are no papers on the table. |
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Term
HABER Examples:
6. Hay juguetes en el piso.
7. Hubo un trancón en la carretera.
8. No hubo muchas mujeres en la fiesta.
9. Hubo una confusión.
10. Habrá una reunión mañana. |
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Definition
HABER Examples:
6. There are toys on the floor.
7. There was a traffic jam on the road.
8. There were not many women at the party.
(As you can see, there’s no personal pronoun or subject in these sentences, hence why it’s called an impersonal verb.)
9. There was a confusion.
10. There will be a meeting tomorrow. |
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Term
Haber Conjugation as an Impersonal Verb
1. Hay mucho viento. –
2. Hay dos sillas en la sala. –
3. Hubo un arco iris después de la tormenta. –
4. Hubo muchas pasteles en la fiesta. –
5. Habrá una clase de yoga mañana. –
6. Habrá muchos desfiles para el día de la independencia. – |
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Definition
Haber Conjugation as an Impersonal Verb
1. There is a lot of wind.
2. There are two chairs in the living room.
3. There was a rainbow after the storm.
4. There were many cakes at the party.
5. There will be a yoga class tomorrow.
6. There will be many parades for Independence Day.
+ Note: be sure not to use the plural forms of haber to express existence. It is incorrect to say “hubieron muchos accidentes.” The proper verb form is hubo, even if the subject is plural. |
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Term
Simple Indicative Tenses
1. hay –
2. había –
3. hubo –
4. habrá –
5. habría – |
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Definition
Simple Indicative Tenses
Presente – Present Tense
1. there is/are
Pretérito Imperfecto – Imperfect Tense
2. there was/were
Pretérito Perfecto – Preterite Tense
3. there was/were
Futuro – Future Tense
4. there will be
Condicional – Conditional Tense
5. there would be |
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Term
Compound Tenses
Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
1. ha habido
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto
2. había habido
Pretérito Anterior
3. hubo habido
Futuro Compuesto
4. habrá habido
Condicional Compuesto
5. habría habido |
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Definition
Compound Tenses
Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto – Preterite (Present) Perfect Tense
1. there has been
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto – Pluperfect Tense
2. there had been
Pretérito Anterior – Preterite Perfect Tense
3. there had been
Futuro Compuesto – Future Perfect Tense
4. there will have been
Condicional Compuesto – Conditional Perfect Tense
5. there would have been |
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Term
Subjunctive Mood - Tiempos Simples – Simple Tenses
Presente – Present Tense
1. haya
Pretérito Imperfecto – Imperfect Tense
2. hubiera/hubiese
Futuro – Future Tense
3. hubiere (no direct English translation) |
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Definition
Subjunctive Mood - Tiempos Simples – Simple Tenses
Presente – Present Tense
1. there is/are
Pretérito Imperfecto – Imperfect Tense
2. there was/were
Futuro – Future Tense
3. (no direct English translation) |
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Term
Subjunctive Mood - Tiempos Compuestos – Compound Tenses
Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto – Preterite (Present) Perfect Tense
1. haya habido – there has been
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto – Pluperfect Tense
2. hubiera/hubiese habido – there would have been
Futuro Compuesto – Future Perfect Tense
3. hubiere habido – no direct English translation |
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Definition
Subjunctive Mood - Tiempos Compuestos – Compound Tenses
Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto – Preterite (Present) Perfect Tense
1. there has been
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto – Pluperfect Tense
2. there would have been
Futuro Compuesto – Future Perfect Tense
3. no direct English translation |
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Term
Haber Conjugation: Exercises
1. He leído el libro.
2. Hay muchos aviones antiguos en el museo.
3. Yo debería haber ido a la tienda esta mañana.
4. ¿Hay mucha gente?
5. ¿Hay alguien aquí?
6. Yo quería que hubiera amor toda la vida.
7. Mi amigo odia que haya tantos celulares en el mundo. |
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Definition
Haber Conjugation: Exercises
1. I have read the book.
2. There are many antique airplanes at the museum.
3. I should have gone to the store this morning.
4. Are there a lot of people?
5. Is anybody here?
6. I wanted there to be love for a lifetime.
7. My friend hates that there are so many cell phones in the world. |
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Term
Haber Conjugation: Exercises
8. ¿Había algunos búhos en el bosque?
9. He perdido mi gato.
10. Va a haber preguntas.
11. ¿Hay una piscina aquí?
12. ¿Hubo leones en el zoológico?
13. Habría una boda si ella la quisiera.
14. Habrá una cena deliciosa en la mesa cuando ella vuelva. |
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Definition
Haber Conjugation: Exercises
8. Were there any owls in the forest?
9. I have lost my cat.
10. There are going to be questions.
11. Is there a pool here?
12. Were there any lions at the zoo?
13. There would be a wedding if she wanted one.
14. There will be a delicious dinner on the table when she comes back. |
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Term
Ejemplos Aleatorios con HABER o PODER
1. Habría comprado una camiseta si hubiera habido.
2. En otros países ha habido retrocesos.
3. Alguien pudo haber logrado ese salto si estuviera motivado.
4. Usted puede haber permanecido hospitalizado durante una noche.
5. No podía contactarte durante la suspensión. |
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Definition
Random Examples with HABER or PODER
1. If there was a T-shirt, I would've bought it.
2. In other countries, there have been setbacks.
3. Someone could've made that jump, if they were motivated.
4. You may have stayed in the hospital for a night.
5. I couldn't contact you during the suspension. |
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Term
Ejemplos Aleatorios con HABER o PODER
1. Creo que puede haber diferentes opciones.
2. Seguramente habría sido difícil para mí también.
3. Bill quería saber qué podía hacer.
4. El mensajero debía llamar si hubiera habido alguna demora.
5. Con la práctica podrá coger objetos increíblemente pequeños. |
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Definition
Random Examples with HABER or PODER
1. I think that there may be different options.
2. Surely it would have been tough for me too.
3. Bill wanted to know what he could do.
4. The courier was supposed to call if there were any delays.
5. With practice, you'll be able to pick up surprisingly small objects. |
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Term
Ejemplos Aleatorios con HABER o PODER
1. Si hubiera habido algo, lo habría visto.
2. Probablemente podría sacarle sangre ahora mismo.
3. Me complace que haya habido algunos avances.
4. Últimamente ha habido señales positivas y negativas. |
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Definition
Random Examples with HABER or PODER
1. If there had been anything, I would have seen it.
2. You know, I could probably take his blood right now.
3. I am pleased that there has been some progress.
4. Recently, there have been both negative and positive signs. |
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Term
Ejemplos Aleatorios con HABER o PODER
1. No creo que haya habido nadie sentado ahí.
2. Presumiblemente habrá una tercera votación en enero.
3. Llamaba para ver si había habido algún progreso.
4. En cada evento habrá competencias individuales y grupales.
5. Porque entonces no podría agradecértelo apropiadamente. |
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Definition
Random Examples with HABER or PODER
1. I don't think there was anybody sitting there.
2. Presumabely there'll be a third vote in January.
3. I called to see whether there had been any progress.
4. There will be individual and team competitions in each event.
5. Because then I wouldn't be able to thank you properly. |
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Term
Ejemplos Aleatorios con HABER o PODER
1. También podrá seguir buscando otras causas.
2. Ciertamente, jamás habría considerado mudarme a Misisipi bajo ninguna circunstancia.
3. Desde entonces había habido tres cadáveres más.
4. Potencialmente habría recursos adicionales a su disposición. |
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Definition
Random Examples with HABER or PODER
1. You can also continue to search for other causes.
2. I certainly never would have looked at moving to Mississippi under any circumstance.
3. Since that time, there had been three more bodies.
4. There would be potentially additional resources for them to use at their disposal. |
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Term
Difference between HA SIDO and HA HABIDO
1. Ha habido un error. Tu número de habitación es el 229, no el 292.
2. La calle está cerrada porque ha habido un accidente.
3. Esa es Laura Ruiz. Ha sido gerente de nuestra empresa durante los últimos diez años.
4. Querida Francis: Ha sido un placer trabajar contigo. |
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Definition
Difference between HA SIDO and HA HABIDO
1. There's been a mistake. Your room number is 229, not 292.
2. The road is closed because there has been an accident.
3. That's Laura Ruiz. She's been our company general manager for the last ten years.
4. Dear Francis, It's been a pleasure working with you. |
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Term
Difference between HA SIDO and HA HABIDO
1. Últimamente ha habido muchos cambios positivos.
2. ¿Conoces a Ramón? Ha sido alumno de nuestro colegio.
3. Ha habido un problema, pero lo solucionamos inmediatamente. |
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Definition
Difference between HA SIDO and HA HABIDO
1. There have been many positive changes lately.
2. Do you know Ramon? He's been a student in our school.
3. There was a problem, but we solved it immediately. |
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Term
Difference between HA SIDO and HA HABIDO
1. Ha sido usted nominada para el Premio Nobel.
2. La policía cree que la mujer ha sido embaucada por unos estafadores.s.
3. El mes pasado ha habido algunas quejas, pero esperamos que este mes no haya ninguna. |
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Definition
Difference between HA SIDO and HA HABIDO
1. You've been nominated for the Nobel Prize.
2. The police think the woman has been tricked by some swindler
3. There were some complaints last month, but we hope there won't be any this month. |
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