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enthusiastic,
passionate
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It makes much cold It is very cold |
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to be afraid of something |
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tener miedo a/de + infinitive |
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to be afraid to do something |
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antipático, antipática pl. antipáticos, antipáticas |
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bajo, baja pl. bajos, bajas |
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delgado, delgada pl. delgados, delgadas |
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perezoso, perezosa pl. perezosos, perezosas |
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alegre Mi hermana está alegre. |
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enojado, enojada Tu hermana está enojada. |
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emocionado, emocionada Mi hermana está emocionada. |
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rubio, rubia Yo tengo el pelo rubio. |
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moreno, morena Rosa es morena. El pelo de José es moreno. |
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pelirrojo, pelirroja Mi hija es pelirroja. |
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el tío Tu tío es responsable. |
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los tíos Sus tíos son inteligentes. |
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the aunts and uncles; uncles |
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el primo (m.) la prima (f.) Nuestro primo es alto.
Nuestra prima es bonita. |
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los primos Mis primos son cómicos. |
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la sobrina Tu sobrina es muy trabajadora. |
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el sobrino El sobrino de Mario es delgado. |
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los sobrinos Sus sobrinos son cómicos. |
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marzo o abril
Viernes Santo |
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Día de los Trabajadores, Cuba Labor Day, Cuba |
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10 de octubre Día de la Independencia, Cuba |
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12 de octubre Día de la Raza |
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el mes Mi fiesta es en el mes de septiembre. |
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la semana Esta semana tengo mucho trabajo. |
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la fecha ¿En qué fecha es tu cumpleaños? |
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lunes El lunes, yo estoy en la escuela. |
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Tuesday El martes tengo clase de español. |
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miércoles Yo estudio para el examen el miércoles. |
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jueves Mi hermana ve a sus amigos el jueves. |
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viernes El viernes me gusta comer tacos. |
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enero El Día de Reyes es el 6 de enero. |
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the fifteen-year-old girl party |
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Juan me compra un regalo. |
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John for me he buys a gift. |
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el abogado Mi hermano es abogado. |
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el astronauta El científico es muy inteligente. |
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el científico El científico es muy inteligente. |
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el programador El programador trabaja mucho. |
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el diseñador gráfico El diseñador gráfico es muy artístico |
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el policía El policía ayuda a la gente. |
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el bombero El científico es muy inteligente. |
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el carpintero Él es carpintero. |
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el plomero Yo soy plomero. |
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la secretaria La secretaria trabaja en la oficina. |
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el mecánico Tu primo es mecánico. |
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la enfermera La enfermera trabaja en el hospital. |
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el ingeniero Mi tío es ingeniero. |
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la doctora La doctora ayuda a las personas. |
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el maestro El maestro enseña en la escuela. |
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tener calor Yo tengo mucho calor. |
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tener frío Ella tiene frío. |
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tener hambre Ella tiene mucha hambre. |
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tener sed Ella tiene mucha sed. |
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tener miedo Esta chica tiene miedo. |
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estar feliz La niña está feliz. |
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estar triste Ella está muy triste. |
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estar cansado Ella está cansada. |
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estar enojado Yo estoy enojada. |
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estar emocionado La niña está emocionada. |
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¿Son los García bautistas? |
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Are the Garcias Baptists? |
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¿Es el gobierno socialista? |
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Is the government socialist? |
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¿De qué material es la mesa? |
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What's the table made of? |
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Es importante practicar cada día. |
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It's important to practice every day. |
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Es necesario hablar mucho. |
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It's necessary to speak a lot. |
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La película es en el cine. |
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The movie is at the theatre. |
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La fiesta es en el club Fantástico. |
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The party is in the Fantastic Club. |
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Miguel es un hombre sincero. |
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the hour, day, and date place of origin occupation nationality religious or political affiliation the material something is made of possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities |
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Chile está en América del Sur. |
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Chile is in South America. |
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Estoy comiendo arroz y frijoles. |
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I am eating rice and beans. |
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I speak I do speak I am speaking |
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hablo hablas habla hablamos habláis hablan |
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como comes come comemos coméis comen |
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vivo vives vive vivimos vivís viven |
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estoy estás está estamos estáis están |
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the hour, day, and date place of origin occupation nationality religious or political affiliation the material something is made of possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities |
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geographic or physical location state or condition many idiomatic expressions progressive tenses |
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Ser and estar (contrasting uses) |
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When a noun follows the verb, use ser When an adjective follows the verb, decide between "essence" and "condition" To tell where something is from, use ser To tell where something is located right now, use estar To tell where an event is taking place, use ser |
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tener (to have) venir (to come) |
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tengo / vengo tienes / vienes tiene / viene tenemos / venimos tenéis / venís tienen / vienen |
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o:ue stem-changers (dormir) |
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duermo duermes duerme dormimos dormís duermen (almorzar, contar, costar, volver, recordar, volar) |
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e:ie stem-changers (cerrar) |
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cierro cierras cierra cerramos cerráis cierran (comenzar, empezar, entender, pensar, perder, preferir) |
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e:i stem-changers (repetir) |
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repito repites repite repetimos repetís repiten (decir (yo digo), despedir, medir, pedir, servir) |
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estoy - voy - doy estás - vas - das está - va - da estamos - vamos - damos estáis - vais - dais están - van - dan |
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To be going to do something (voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van) |
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To have just done something (acabo, acabas, acaba, acabamos, acabáis, acaban) |
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To do something again (vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven) |
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A Juan le gusta el libro. A Juan le gustan los libros. |
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estar + present participle I am speaking (right now, at this moment) Never use present progressive for something that will occur in the future. |
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Present Participle (-ando, -iendo, yendo) |
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hablar - hablando (-ar) comer - comiendo (-er) vivir - viviendo (-ir) decir - diciendo (e:i) dormir - durmiendo (o:u) leer - leyendo (orthographic) seguir: siguiendo (orthographic) |
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conocer (to know, to be acquainted with) |
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saber (to know something - a fact) |
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saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart) conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things) |
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pedir: to ask (for an object or a service) preguntar: to ask (a question, request information) |
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yo me lavo tú te lavas él se lava ella se lava usted se lava nosotros nos lavamos nosotras nos lavamos vosotros os laváis vosotras os laváis ustedes se lavan ellos se lavan ellas se lavan |
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Preterite: regular -ar verbs |
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-é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron |
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Imperfect: regular -ar verbs |
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-aba -abas -aba -ábamos -abais -aban hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablábamos, hablabais, hablaban |
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-í -iste -ió -imos -isteis ieron comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis, comieron |
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Preterite: regular -ir verbs |
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-í -iste -ió -imos -isteis ieron viví, viviste, vivió, vivimos, vivisteis, vivieron |
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-ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comían |
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-ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían vivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían |
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fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron |
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di diste dio dimos disteis dieron hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicisteis hicieron |
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ser ir ver era iba veía eras ibas veías era iba veía éramos íbamos veíamos erais ibais veíais eran iban veían |
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-ar and -er stem-changing verbs do not change in the preterite |
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cerrar entender cerré entendí cerraste entendiste cerró entendió cerramos entendimos cerrasteis entendisteis cerraron entendieron |
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-ir stem-changing verbs do change in the preterite (e:i and o:u third person singular and plural) |
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preferir dormir preferí dormí preferiste dormiste prefirió durmió preferimos dormimos preferisteis dormisteis prefirieron durmieron |
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preterite: creer, caer, leer, oír |
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creí creíste creyó creímos creísteis creyeron |
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preterite: huir, construir, contribuir, incluir |
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huí huiste huyó huimos huisteis huyeron |
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dije traje dijiste trajiste dijo trajo dijimos trajimos dijisteis trajisteis dijeron trajeron |
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vi viste vio vimos visteis vieron |
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preterite: -ucir (producir, conducir, traducir) |
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produje produjiste produjo produjimos produjisteis produjeron |
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irregular preterite pattern: andar, estar, tener, caber, haber, poder, poner, saber, hacer, querer, venir |
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Infinitive Stem Change Endings andar anduv- -e estar estuv- -iste tener tuv- -o caber cup- -imos haber hub- -isteis poder pud- -ieron poner pus- saber sup- hacer hic- querer quis- venir vin- Exception: hacer (el/ella/usted hizo) |
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certainty and objectivity |
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uncertainty and subjectivity |
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Present Subjunctive - hablar |
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hable hables hable hablemos habléis hablen |
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Present Subjunctive - comer |
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coma comas coma comamos comáis coman |
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Present Subjunctive - vivir |
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viva vivas viva vivamos viváis vivan |
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Present Subjunctive - verbs with irregular first persons in present indicative |
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conocer - conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcáis, conozcan tener - tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengáis, tengan salir - salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgáis, salgan |
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Present Subjunctive - -ar and -er stem-changing verbs |
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Conjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change does not occur in the nosotros/vosotros forms: pensar piense pienses piense pensemos penséis piensen |
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Present Subjunctive - -ir stem-changing verbs |
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Conjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i.: dormir - durmamos sentir - sintamos pedir - pidamos |
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-zar: z changes to c before e (present subjunctive) empezar (e:ie) |
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empiece empieces empiece empecemos empecéis empiecen |
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-ger or -gir: g changes to j before a (present subjunctive) escoger |
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escoja escojas escoja escojamos escojáis escojan |
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-guir: gu changes to g before a (present subjunctive) seguir (e:i) |
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siga sigas siga sigamos sigáis sigan |
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-car: c changes to qu before e -gar g changes to gu before e (present subjunctive) buscar / pagar |
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busque / pague busques / pagues busque / pague busquemos / paguemos busquéis paguéis busquen / paguen |
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uir: add y before a (present subjunctive) huir |
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huya huyas huya huyamos huyáis huyan |
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Present Subjunctive - dar |
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Present Subjunctive - estar |
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esté estés esté estemos estéis estén |
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Present Subjunctive - haber |
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haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan |
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vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayáis vayan |
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Present Subjunctive - saber |
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sepa sepas sepa sepamos sepáis sepan |
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Present Subjunctive - ser |
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sea seas sea seamos seáis sean |
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Present Subjunctive - desire |
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esperar que insistir en que mandar que preferir que prohibir que querer que es aconsejable que es necesario que pedir que recomendar que rogar que sugerir que
esperar que insistir en que mandar que preferir que prohibir que querer que es aconsejable que es necesario que pedir que recomendar que rogar que sugerir que |
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Present Subjunctive - ignorance or doubt |
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dudar que es improbable que es incierto que es posible que no creer que puede ser que es aconsejable que temer que
doubt that is unlikely that is uncertain may not believe that can be is advisable fear that |
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Present Subjunctive - impersonal expressions |
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es bueno que es importante que es posible que es raro que es malo que es ridículo que es terrible que puede ser que |
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Present Subjunctive - incompleted actions |
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a menos que antes de que con tal de que después de que hasta que mientras que tan pronto como |
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Formal Commands (Imperative) |
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Use the present subjunctive forms |
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Informal (tú) Commands (Imperative) |
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Definition
Affirmative: Use the present indicative Ud. form Negative: Use the present subjunctive tú form Habla. Speak. No hables. Don't speak. Come. Eat. No comas. Don't eat. Escribe. Write. No escribas. Don't write. |
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Term
Habla. Speak. No hables. Don't speak. Come. Eat. No comas. Don't eat. Escribe. Write. No escribas. Don't write. |
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Definition
decir - di salir - sal hacer - haz ser - sé ir - ve tener - ten poner - pon venir - ven |
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Term
Pronoun placement with commands |
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Definition
Affirmative commands: attach to verb Negative commands: precede verb
Tráigaselas. No se las traiga. |
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Term
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Definition
caber yo cabré poner yo pondré decir yo diré haber yo habré salir yo saldré hacer yo haré poder yo podré tener yo tendré querer yo querré valer yo valdré saber yo sabré venir yo vendré |
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Term
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Definition
Infinitive - ending + ado/ido (hablado, comido, vivido) |
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Term
Past Participle Irregulars |
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Definition
abrir (to open) - abierto (open) cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered) decir (to say) - dicho (said) escribir (to write) - escrito (written) freír (to fry) - frito (fried) hacer (to do) - hecho (done) morir (to die) - muerto (dead) poner (to put) - puesto (put) resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved) romper (to break) - roto (broken) ver (to see) - visto (seen) volver (to return) - vuelto (returned) |
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Term
Present Perfect haber + past participle he hablado, he comido, he vivido |
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Definition
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