Present Subjuntive Conjugations

AR- e,es,e,emos,en

ER/IR- a,as,a,amos,an

Present Subjuntive Indicative Phrases for the Infinitive

En caso de que

sin que

con tal de que

a menos de que

para que

antes de que

Present Subjunctive Imperfect

(yo form only)

concer: conzca

decir: diga

hacer: haga

poner: ponga

tener: tenga

traer:traiga

venir:venga

ver- vea

Present Subjunctive Irregular Verbs

(Stem Changes)

pensar- piense,pensemos

jugar- juege, juguemos

sentir- sienta, sintamos

dormir- duerma, durmamos

Present Subjunctive Irregual Verbs (5)

dar- de,des,de,demos,den

estar-este,estes,este,estemos,esten

ir-vaya,vayas,vaya,vayamos,vayan

saber-sepa,sepas,sepa,sepamos,sepan

ser- sea,seas,sea,seamos,sean

Will

Influence

Emotion

Doubt

Denial

*Use the infinitive in expressions of will or influence if there is no change in subject (subjunctive requires the que)

ar- o, as, a, amos, an

er/ir- o, es, e, e/imos, en

Present Tense Irregular Verbs

dar- day, das, da, damos, dan

 decir- digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen

estar- estoy, estas, esta, estamos, estan

ir-voy, vas, va, vamos, van

ser- soy, eres, es, somos, son

tener- tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

Uses of Ser

Nationality, Origin

Profession

Characteristics of people, animals and things

possession

Material of Composition

Time, date, session

When or Where an event takes place

Location or Spatial Relationship

Health

Physical state and condition

Emotional State

Certain Weather

Progressive Actions

Results of Actions

ar- e, aste, o, amos, aron

er/ir- i, ista, io, imos, ieron

estar- estuve, estviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvieron

poder- pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudieron

tener- tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvieron

decir- dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijeron

traer- traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajeron

ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

dar-di,diste, dio, dimos, dijeron

ar- aba, abas, aba, abamos, aban

er/ir- ia, ias, ia, iamos, ian

ser- era, eras, era, eramos, eran

ir- iba, ibas, iba, ibamos, iban

ver- veia, veias, veia, veiamos,veian

To express actions that the speaker views as completed

(I went to the mall yesterday)

To express the beginning or end of a past action

(the soap opera began at 8)

To narrarate a series of past actions

(I left the house, crossed the street and entered)

To describe an ongoing past action with a reference to beginning or an end

(He always took the bus)

To express habitual past actions

(I used..)

To describe mental, physical or emotional conditions

(She was nervous..)

To tell time

(It was 8 at night)

Uses of Para

Destination (toward, in the direction of)

Deadline or a specific time in the future (by, for)

Goal, Para+Infinitive (in order to)

Purpose, Para+noun (for, used for)

Recipient (for)

Comparison with others or opinion (for considering)

Employment (for)

Uses of Por

Motion or general location (along, through, around, by)

Duration of an action (for, during, in)

Reason or motive for an action (because of, on account of, on behalf of)

object of a search (for, in search of)

Means by which ( by, by way of, by means of)

Exchange or Subsitution (for, in exchange of)

Unit of Measure (per, by)

Agent- passive voice (by, as in "the money was spent by..)

Future Conjugation

drop the usted ending of the preterite (ron, ieron) and add

ra, ras, ra, ramos, ran