next door/

next to/

beside

 al lado

noun

 bank

 el banco

bar

(tavern)

el bar 

 street/

road

 la calle

 truck/

bus

 el camión

 near/

close

 cerca

in front/

opposite 

(physical position)

 enfrente

 station

(physical place)

 la estación

 pharmacy/

drugstore

 la farmacia

 fruit store

 la frutería

 far

 lejos

 market

 el mercado

 museum

el museo

 bakery/

baker's shop

 la panadería

 park

 el parque

 square/

bull ring

 la plaza

 restaurant

 el restaurante

 to greet/

to say hello

saludar

reg. -ar v.

Yo                      saludo

Tú                      saludas

Él/Ella/Ud.          saluda

Nosotros/as        saludamos

Ellos/Ellas Uds.   saludan

 here

2

aquí   acá

"Aquí” is specific:  

Puedes registrarte aquí. = You can register here.

“Acá” is used with verbs of motion and is less precise: 

Juan, ven acá. = John, come (over) here.

there

3

   ahí   allí   allá

"Ahí" = there, near the listener

"Allí” = there, away from both the speaker and the listener, but in their general vicinity:  

¿Hay alguien allí? Is someone there?

“Allá”  = there, further away from them (less precise; also used with verbs of motion): 

Aquellos países allá en la Africa. = Those countries over there in Africa.

 up

 arriba

 down

 abajo

 inside

 adentro

 where to

 adónde

 from where

 de dónde

 through where

 por dónde

 back

(direction)

 atrás

mariachi 

el mariachi [image]

*Mariachi can refer to the music, the group, or just one musician.

music 

 la música

 suit/

costume

 el traje

 folklore

 el folklore

 sandal

 el guarache

 clothes

 la vestimenta

 Porfirio Díaz

 Porfirio Díaz

José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from February 17, 1877 to December 1, 1880 and from December 1, 1884 to May 25, 1911. The entire period 1876–1911 is often referred to as the Porfiriato.

 vihuela

 la vihuela

*A 16th century guitar used in mariachi music

 landowner

 el hacendado

concept

double action verb conjugation

A verb should not be conjugated if it immediately follows another conjugated verb:

-Quiero bailar  = I want to dance.

If there are multiple verbs after the conjugated verb, the verbs that follow are not conjugated:

-Quiero estudiar y salir con amigos. = I want to study and (to) go out with my friends.

If you have a sentence with multiple single verbs in which the same subject is doing the action, they are all conjugated:

-Estudio, trabajo y duermo. = I study, I work and I sleep.

Another tip is to never conjugate the verb after a preposition - use the infinitive form:

-Antes de ir al trabajo… (Before going to work…).

*Some common prepositions in Spanish are por, en, de, and para. Use the infinitive after all of these.

concept

Rules for Accentuation

Remember that if a word ends in an 'n', 's' or a vowel, then the natural stress will fall on the next to last syllable.

Examples: calle libros

If a word ends in another consonant, then the natural stress falls on the last syllable.

Examples: verdad español

*Words that do not follow the natural stress pattern require a written accent to show which vowel should be stressed.

Examples:

-teléfono (stress is not on next to last syllable, so written accent is needed)

-fácil (stress is not on last syllable, so written accent is needed)

 in/on/inside of

 en

 near

 cerca de

 under

 debajo de

 in front of

 delante de

 next to

 al lado de

 inside of

 dentro de

 between

 entre

 far from

 lejos de

 on/in

 encima de

 behind

 detrás de

 opposite

(physical location)

 enfrente de

 outside of

 fuera de