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Present Indicative "yo" form of verb minus ending plus new ending -e -es -e -emos -en |
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Present Indicative "yo" form of verb minus ending plus new ending -a -as -a -amos -an |
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Informal Mandate - affirmative |
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Present Indicative "Usted" or "Ustedes" form of verb, depending on number |
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Informal Mandate - negative |
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Treat as formal mandate with "tu" ending |
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-to be successful ( in a particular field or activity); it emphasizes the condition of being successful (- e has an accent) |
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-to succede in ( in doing something) or to obtain o racheive a goal -emphasizes the action of acheiving that goal - can also mean "to manage to ( do something)" |
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-to occur, happen, or follow in succession |
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-to attend ( a function) or to be present ( at a class etc) - always followed by "a" |
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to take into account, to take care of, to wait on |
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-to become -indicates a change in physicla or emotional state -can only be followed by an adjective |
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-to become -indicates a change in physicla or emotional state -signals a dramatic, often irreversible, change |
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-to get to be ( to become) - a gradual change over a period of time -an effortless change |
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-to get to be ( to become) - a gradual change over a period of time -usually implies a concious effort by the subject |
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present perfect indicative |
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-haber + participle -he -has -ha -hemos -han -when infinitive of participle is reflexive, it goes in front of all ex. se ha vestido |
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present perfect subjunctive |
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-haber + participle -haya -hayas -haya -hayamos -hayan -when infinitive of participle is reflexive, it goes in front of all ex. se haya vestido |
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nadie someone - no one -without reference to a group |
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ningUn ( ninguno/a) someone - no one - with reference to a group |
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nunca, jamAs always - never |
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ni ( ni...ni ) or ( either, or) - not/nor ( neither, nor) |
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ni siquiera even - not even |
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ya no, todaviA no, apenas always - no longer,not yet, hardly |
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Irregular affirmative tu commands decir ir salir tener hacer poner ser venir |
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-formal mandates -uncertainties -unspecific ( Quiero una casa que tenga dos dormitorios) |
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