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| Where no vegetation cover, horns point downwind, limited sand supply, one dominant wind direction, one slip face. |
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| A dune type consisting of four subtypes, (1) barchans, (2) transverse dunes, (3) parabolic dunes, (4) barchanoid ridges. |
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| Erosion of finer material may leave lag deposit of material too coarse to be transported; lag may eventually prevent further erosion. |
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| (Or 'deflation pan'). Produced by deflation of unconsolidated deposits or salt-weathered rocks. |
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| a desert surface that is covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size |
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| Active dunes bordering present shoreline. |
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| a desert surface that is covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size |
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| Aeolian blanket deposits (blown long distances in suspension during Pleistocene, sources include large glacial river beds with exposed silts; loess reaches hundreds of metres thick in China; parent material for very fertile soils, loess often mixed with other materials). |
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| Where little vegetation; parallel to wind direction with at least one secondary wind direction to blow sand onto the dune ridges; individual dunes extend for tens of kilometres. |
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| Associated with lake basins; nearly all relict; some important archaeological sites. |
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A long, scoop-shaped sand dune having a ground plan approximating the form of a parabola, with the horns pointing windward
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| Grains in intermittent contact with the ground surface - lifted almost vertically then strike surface again at shallow angle; virtually all movement occures within one metre of the ground; ~80% of sand transport. |
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The steeply sloping leeward surface of a sand dune
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| Coarser grains slide/roll due to impact of smaller grains; ~20% of sand transport. |
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| Ice lost by melting, sublimation, calving, deflation. |
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| Zone above ablation zone where snow accumulates and is converted to ice. |
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| A stream of blocks moving slowly downslope over the underlying soil often as a result of freeze thaw motion; form tongues on the valley sides. |
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| A steep bowl-shaped hollow occuring at the upper end of a mountain valley, especially one forming the head of a glacier or stream. |
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| Granular, partially consolidated snow that has passed through one summer melt season but not yet glacial ice; denser than snow, but less dense than ice. |
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| A typically U-shaped valley with steep sides that lead down from a cirque and was excavated by a glacier. |
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| Pertaining to streams fed by melting glaciers, or to the deposits and landforms produced by such streams. |
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| A perennial cover of ice and snow, typically in the shape of a dome or plate on the summit area of a mountain through which the mountain peaks emerge. |
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| (Or 'ice mantle'). A thick glacier (> 50 000 square km in area) forming a cover of ice and snow that is continuous over a land surface and moving outward in all directions. |
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| River channels carved by water from a melting glacier. |
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| An accumulation of rock and sediment deposited by a glacier, usually in or near the melting area. |
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| The deposit of sand, silt, and gravel formed below a glacier by meltwater streams and rivers. |
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| (Or 'sheepback'). A landform caused by the passage of glacial ice. |
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| Name given to both the debris being transported and the sediment eventually deposited by glaciers. |
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| The most common type of barrier formed by long narrow deposits (typically of sand) just offshore. |
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| A broader formation than 'barrier beaches,' which is usually formed in areas of moderate to low tides. Has flats, marshes, &etc. on landward sides. |
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| The result of beach and longshore drift, weak currents |
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Definition
| The result of beach and longshore drift, weak currents |
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| The transport of marine sediment caused by a swash of waves running obliquely (in a manner neither transverse or longitudinal) up the beach and moving particles diagonal to shoreline). |
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| The beach surface between the foredune and swashzone. It can be either level or slight backslope to the dune. |
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| (Or 'zawns'). A type of erosional landform on rocky coasts. This term is used for gulches. |
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| The transport of marine sediment as a result of longshore current |
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| A tidal environment of range greater than 4 m. |
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| A type of coastal wetland, common in tropical areas, where roots retain sediment. |
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| The average height of the sea surface measured over a given time |
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| A type of erosional landform on rocky coasts. Most pronounced in limestone coasts due to rock dissolution. |
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| A 'wave of translation' characterised by a steep bottom profile. |
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| A type of erosional landform on rocky coasts, usually formed due not so much to marine erosion as to faulting or glacial erosion when sea level lowers. |
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A small, narrow beach formed in a pocket, commonly crescentic in plan, with the concave edge toward the sea, and displaying well-sorted sand
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| A type of long term variation on depositional coasts, where beach builds out progressively. Beach ridges may mark former shorelines. |
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| The variation in level of fossil shorelines, due to differential tectonic uplift/subsidence of different land areas. |
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| A type of long term variation on depositional coasts, where beach retreats when erosion is dominant. |
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| A strong current, typically flowing outwards from the shore, which causes disturbance on the surface. |
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| A type of erosional landform on rocky coasts, with horizontal or sloping bedrock surfaces. Forms between low water neap and high water spring tides. |
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| Turbulent water that rushes upshore. |
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| A barrier formation which connects an offshore stack of island to the shore. |
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| An extremely long sea wave created by an underwater earthquake; the wave may travel hundreds of kilometers per hour. |
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| A measure of the time interval between the passage of two successive crests past a fixed point. |
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| The deflection of wave fronts as a result of interference with bottom topography. Concentrates energy on headlands resulting in increased erosion. Increases tendency for coasts to become straighter. |
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| A term for the groups in which waves travel. |
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