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| e height of anything above given a planetary reference plane |
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| the point of orbit of a planet or comet which is farthest away from the sun |
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| the point in the orbit of an object (moon, satellite, etc…) orbiting the earth that is at the greatest distance from the center of the earth. |
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| (AU) a unit of length which is equal to the mean distance of the earth from the Sun. |
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| is a proton, neutron, or any elementary particle that decays into a set of particles that includes a proton. |
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| An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in the nucleus having an atomic weight of 2.014. |
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| Spreading out of light as it passes the edge of an obstacle. |
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| Deviation from a circle, applied when describing the shape of an orbit. |
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| Negatively charged elementary particle found outside, but is attached to, the nucleus of an atom. |
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| A unit of energy equal to the energy gained by an electron that falls through a potential difference of one volt. |
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| Fundamental unit of matter consisting of fixed number of protons. Number of neutrons and electrons may vary. |
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| An oval shape. Johannes Kepler discovered the orbits of planets are elliptical in shape and not circular. |
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| Discharge of electromagnetic radiation from an object |
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| Speed required for something or an object, to be free of the gravitational pull of a planet or other body. |
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| the number of wave crests or troughs that pass a particular point in a given interval of time (usually one second); usually expressed in hertz (cycles per second) |
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| the attractive force that all objects exert on one another; the greater an object’s mass, the stronger its gravitational pull. |
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| A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second. |
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| a form of light with slightly lower energy than visible light but with greater energy than radio waves. |
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| Interference or interferometric fringes |
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| a wave-like pattern resulting from the successful combination of two beams of light which amplifies the light. |
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| an electrically charged atom due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. |
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| process an atom gains or loses electrons. |
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| Gas heated to a state where it contains ions and free-floating electrons. Also referred to as plasma. |
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| Forms of an element wherein all atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
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| a unit of temperature equal to one degree on the Celsius scale and 1.8 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale; also the absolute temperature scale defined so that 0 kelvin is absolute zero. |
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| One of five locations in space relative to two bodies where less massive body can maintain a stable orbit around a common center of mass. |
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| Curved piece of glass that brings light to a focus. |
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| a subatomic particle produced in nuclear reactions and in supernovae that very rarely interacts with matter; neutrinos have no electrical charge and travel at or very close to the speed of light. |
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| a subatomic particle with no electric charge that resides in an atomic nucleus; it has about the same mass as a proton. |
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| The process by which two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier atomic nucleus; this is the energy source that causes most stars to shine. |
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| the creation of heavy elements from lighter ones by nuclear fusion. |
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| Curved path, usually elliptical in shape, an object follows around a bigger object or a common center of mass. |
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| The length of time it takes one body to orbit another. |
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| When light energy or emissions are converted into electricity |
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| Gas heated to a state wherein it contains ions and free floating electrons |
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| A piece of glass that breaks white light into it’s basic colors, it is wedge shaped. |
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| Theory in physics developed by Albert Eistein. Describes measurement made by two observers who are in relative motion. |
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| Small body or object that goes (orbit) around a planet or asteroid. |
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| When the three dimensions of space come together with one dimension of time wherein the events can be exactly calculated. |
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| Theory of relativity applied concerning uniform motion. It proposes that the equivalence of mass and energy and differs from Newtonian physics only when speeds approach that of light. |
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| Specific wavelength of light that corresponds to the energy exchange of an atom or molecule |
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| An apparatus to explore spectra |
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| 1. Whole range of electromagnetic radiation, also known as light. 2. Energy created from a radiant source. |
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| Distance between two wave crests. |
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| Force applied on an object because of gravity. |
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