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| Achievements of the Song Dynasty |
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| The Song dynasty was the first Chinese dynasty to use a compass, paper currency as their money, a standing navy, and gun powder. |
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Achievements of the Song Dynasty
(The Song Dynasty was the first Chinese dynasty to use paper money and coin currency) |
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The Song Dynasty implemented both diplomatic and military strategies in dealing with ethnic groups whose territories were supposedly a part of China.
A group from the Liao Dynasty was on of the groups that the Northern Song Dynasty had been dealing with for a long period of time had finally agreed to settle issues of when the signed the Shanyauan Treaty and the Song Dynasty had to pay the group. The dynasty endured both victories and looses with other battles it went though, most of which were territorial fights. |
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| The Song court encountered a conflicting period at the turn of the 11th century because of the ministers' belief on how to handle the economy. Fan Zhongyan who was the chancellor, had been removed from officer due to his desire to implement changes in the salary system of common employees, the procedure of recruiting officials and creation of programs would lead to fun the education of a great number of people who worked for the emperor. Raising the standards for the hiring of the statesmen, changes in the land tax system and even creating a certain government monopoly system. |
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| The Southern Song Dynasty had competent military officers like Han Shizhong and Yue Fei. The administration supported building of ships and the development of better harbors and warehouses and beacons that would become the fuel naval trade overseas and other international seaports, which would boost the economy of China. The Song created China's first stable armada in the year 1132. In 1161 the dynasty made use of the marine vessels that were equipped with trebuchet propellers that launched gunpowder bombs. |
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| The Mongols attacked the Song dynasty and during the year 1268 up to 1273, Kublai blocked Yangzi River with his fleet and officially declared the formation of Yuan Dynasty in the year 1271. By 1275, the Song troops were defeated by Kublai’s army and by 1276; majority of the territory of Song Empire had been seized by Yuan troops. |
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| Technological Accomplishments |
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| There were numerous schools and places of worship established during this period as well as retirement homes, public clinics, and even what is referred to as pauper’s graveyard. Since communication was given importance during this dynasty, the postal services were improved and provided more postal workers, bigger stations and offices to ensure that there is no further delay in the delivering of messages. |
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| Chinese Printing Press (Moveable Type as it was called) |
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Artistic Accomplishments of the Song Dynasty
(Che K'an T'u) |
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| Song Dynasty Invented Compass |
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Emperor Huizong (1082-1135) was the eighth ruler and one of the most famous emperors of the Song Dynasty of China, with a personal life spent amidst luxury, sophistication and art but ending in tragedy.
Born Zhao Ji, he was the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong. In 1100, his older half-brother Emperor Zhezong died without a surviving son, and Huizong succeeded him as emperor. He reigned from 1100 to 1126.
Huizong was famed for his promotion of Taoism. He was a skilled poet, painter, calligrapher, and musician. |
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| Artistic Accomplishments of the Song Dynasty (Continued) |
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| Emperor Huizong (8th and most influential emperor of Song Dynasty) |
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| Women's Rights in the Song Dynasty |
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The women of Song Dynasty remained in the lower society standing than the men but they were likewise granted with societal and legal rights to allowed them to manage their household and establish businesses.
They were given large dowries/legal rights when it came to property. They were also on equal footing with men when it came to inheritance and they educated their children during the early years of their lives. This dynasty afforded not only women’s rights but left behind a rich and diverse culture. |
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Foot Binding
(Foot binding began in the late T'ang dynasty and lasted for about a thousand years, until the 20th century when the practice was outlawed.) |
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| Religions of the Song Dynasty |
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There were many reasons for the decline of Buddhism after the Tang period. The most apparent factor destroying position of Buddhism in Chinese society, economy and politics were the several persecutions of Buddhism and other religions during the 8th and 9th centuries.
Neo-Confucian theoreticians incorporated Buddhist problems into the framework of traditional Chinese, especially Confucian, for the scholars to be a true Buddhist believe the study of Buddhism and the adaption of some of its ideas was sufficient, and Neo-Confucians produced their counter-theories against Buddhist doctrines.
The renaissance of Confucianism was a direct reaction against the long prevailing of philosophical Daoism since the end of the Han Dynasty and the power of Buddhism during the time of North-South division and early Tang Dynasty. |
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| Background information of the Song Dynasty |
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The Song rulers retained their domain south of the Yangtze River (along with most of the population). They also retained big southern merchant cities. The government constructed ships and improved harbor facilities. Quanzhou, Guangzhou, and Xiamen were big seaports, and the government built a navy to protect the merchant shipping. The Song Empire continued to be prosperous; defeating the attacks of the Jin Empire.
However, when the Mongols attacked both the Jin Empire at the end of their era, the Southern Song allied with the Mongols to attack the Jin Empire. Their attack was successful. After about two decades of warfare, the Song capital was taken in 1279 and the empire ended. The Song Dynasty were defeated first by the Jin Empire and then by the Mongols. Each time they allied with another people in an aggressive campaign against a powerful neighbor, they were attacked and defeated by those they allied with. |
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| More on Culture and Society |
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The Song Empire experienced economic growth and industrial advance that was unprecedented in earlier dynastic eras. Building some of the biggest cities in the world, there was relative stability and peace, and commercialization, urbanization, and industrialization advanced.
Rice cultivation technique advanced, becoming the major food crop. For the urban elite, food was plentiful. During the Song era, cultural traditions originated that remained important until modern times including living in large urban environments, eating rice and foot binding.
During the Tang era and before, the empires mainly cultivated wheat and millet. The earlier empires developed around the Yellow River in the north, but latter empires expanded southwards, and people migrated to the south. During the Song era, most of the people lived in the south where they used improved techniques of rice cultivation. (enabling the population to explode.) |
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| Southern Song Dynasty Territory |
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| Architecture of the Song Dynasty |
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| Southern Song Military Men |
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| Southern Song Dynasty Flash Cards |
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