Term
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Definition
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Term
| multifocal nerve disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| generalized nerve disorders |
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Definition
* polyneuropathy aka "peripheral neuropathy" * axon-losing peripheral neuropathy * demyelinating peripheral neuropathy (AIDP)
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Term
| axon-losing peripheral neuropathy |
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Definition
*sensory loss: distal, stocking-glove pattern, symmetrical *cause: multiple mechanisms (ex: compromise of microvascular blood supply of the peripheral nerves)
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Term
Demylinating peripheral neuropathy (AIDP) |
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Definition
*aka Guillain Barre Syndrome *cause: immune-mediated demyelination of peripheral nerves *onset: usu. 2 weeks after viral illness *duration: peak at 3 weeks, recover over many months * clinical presentation: PENPA Progressive weakness Elevated CSF protein Nerve conductions show demyelination Paresthesias Areflexia
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Term
| Disorders of Neuromuscular Junction |
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Definition
* generalized symmetrical motor weakness * weakness worsens throughout the day *normal reflexes *no sensory deficits, purely motor *chronic condition
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Term
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Definition
*disorder of neuromuscular junction *antibodies against postsynaptic Ach receptors in NMJ *Diagnosis: blood test - anti-Ach receptor Abs *Thymomas present in 12% *Treatment: pyridostigmine (Mestinon, cholinesterase inhibitor), plasma exchange, azathioprine (Imuran)
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Term
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Definition
*myopathy *weakness greater proximally (neuropathy occurs distally) *normal sensation and reflexes *elevated CPK *EMG: myopathic potentials *causes: duchenne muscular dystrophy, polymyositis
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Term
| duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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Definition
* x-linked recessive inheritance - affects male kids * absense of dystrophin protein
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Term
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Definition
| displacement of vertebral body relative to vertebrae beneath it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of spinal canal |
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Term
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Definition
* pinched nerve root: affect dermatome area
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Term
| radiculopathy clinical features |
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Definition
* burning pain radiates into affected dermatome * loss of reflexes * weakness of myotome * diagnostic tool: positive straight leg raising test
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Term
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Definition
| Horner's syndrome (PAM) via sympathetic path to face and eye |
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Term
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Definition
* disc hernation * osteophytes * spinal stenosis * trauma
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Term
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Definition
*apical lung tumor extends into lower brachial plexus *if entire plexus is invaded - flail insensate upper extremity
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Term
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Definition
| serves deltoid - weakened deltoid/atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
* wrist drop * injury usu. occurs at radial groove, aka Saturday Night Palsy
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Term
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Definition
* carpal tunnel syndrome * nerve is compressed at wrist * numbness or pain * pain can radiate up to shoulder **focal compressive nerve disorder
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Term
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Definition
| 90% of ulnar problems occur at elbow |
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Term
| long thoracic nerve injury |
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Definition
* scapular winging worsened by pressing forward due to weakness of serratus anterior * "the other scapular winging" = from the trapezius (innervated by accessory, helps to fixate scapula), winging worsens with abduction (not with pushing), winging disappears with flexion, forward elevation of arm
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Term
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Definition
| can be caused by pelvic fracture affecting nerve, in delivering babies can become stretched or compressed - numbness or weakness |
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Term
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Definition
* from sensory portion of femoral nerve - can'te even tolerate clothes rubbing on skin * responsive to Tegretol, Neurontin, Lyrica
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Term
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Definition
| pain radiates from buttock down leg, can travel as far as to the feet and toes |
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Term
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Definition
* growth on nerve * orthopedists' problem, not neurologists'
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| EMG: fibrillations in resting muscle imply |
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Definition
| active denervation of muscle |
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Term
| EMG: polyphasic motor unit potentials during contraction imply |
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Definition
| chronic denervation of muscle |
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Term
| EMG: low voltage motor unit potentials during contraction imply |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
* diminished amplitude implies: axon loss * reduced velocity implies: demyelination
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