1) Stages of susceptibility

2)  Stage of pre-symptomatic disease

i) Incubation period
ii)  Latency period
3)  Stage of clinical disease
4)Stage of recovery, disability, or death

1)  capacity to cause infection in host
2)  capacity to cause disease in host

3)  severity of disease that agent causes

4)  Status of Host to agent can be classified in 3 ways...what are they?

1) Infectivity

2)  Pathogenicity

3)  Virulence

4)  susceptible to the agent
immune to the agent
infected by the agent

1)  What type of immunity is this?..... short-term immunity provided by a preformed antibody. (babies…antibodies passed on through the placenta)

2)  What type of immunity is this?...Artificial, active--results from an injection with a vaccine that stimulates antibody production in the host.

3)  and this.....-preformed antibodies are given to exposed individuals to prevent disease.  
 

1)  Passive

2)  Active, Artificial

3)  Artificial, passive

1)  Active clinical disease accounts for only a small proportion of host’s infections and exposures to disease agents.....this is called what?

2) These are aspects of what:

Systematic data collection
Data Analysis
Interpretation of data
Dissemination of data
Ongoing
 

1)  Iceberg Concept of Infection

2)  Public Health Surveillance

These are all aspects of what...?

Detect sudden changes in disease occurrence and distribution

Monitor secular trends and patterns of disease

Identify changes in agents and host factors

Detect changes in health care practices

1)  Which type of Surveillance is this?...Provider initiated, routine reporting by health care providers based on a known set of rules and regulations

2)  What some problems with NOTIFIABLE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE?

1)  Passive

2)  

Underreporting
Lack of Representativeness
Lack of Timeliness
Inconsistency of case definitions
 

Name the Trend: 

1) – represent long-term changes in health-related states or events

2)  – represent periodic increases and decreases in the occurrence of health-related states or events

3)  – usually brief, unexpected increases in health-related states or events

 

1) Secular trends

2) Cyclic trends

3)   Short-term trends 

What type of variable is this?

1)  Frequency measures
Often dichotomous

2)  Statistical measures
 

1)  How do we calculate risk?

2)  Reports of vital event statistics including deaths are reported to ?

3)  What is Incidence?

1)   new cases
       Persons at risk

2) the National Center for Health Statistics

3)  The number of new cases of a disease that occur in a group during a certain time period.
 

1)  The number of existing cases of a disease or health condition in a population at some designated time.

2) # cases among contacts during the period    x    10 Total number of contacts
 

1)  Fertility rate

2)  What is the eq for stnd dev?

3)  What does it tell you?

1)   # Live births 

# women aged 15-44

2)  S  = √∑(xi-x)2
            n-1

3) Closeness of observed values around the mean
 

 Cross-sectional Study

example:Surveys of smokeless tobacco use among high school students.
 

What are some uses for Cross-sectional?

Hypothesis generation

Intervention planning

Estimation of the magnitude and distribution of a health problem

Uses comparison groups to quantify relationships between exposure and outcomes
Identifies factors associated with disease to identify populations at risk

Hypothesis testing

Analytical Epidemiology

   What are the two types of Analytical Epi?

 Which one is this?

1) compare groups of people who have been exposed to suspected risk factors with groups who have not been exposed.

2) compare people with a disease (case-patients) with a group of people without the disease (controls).
 

Cohort Studies (wedding example with outbreak...we interview everyone there..pretty much 75/80...46 met case definition)

Case-Control Studies 

Population-based

Exposure-based

T/F...With Exposure-based cohort sutdies the cohort includes either an entire population or a representative sample of teh population. 

The predictor variable is measured before the outcome has occurred 

 Prospective Cohort