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Sonography Glossary
Glossary Terms
140
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/24/2013

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Term
Hallucination
Definition
Hearing, seeing, or feeling things that do not exist
Term
Harmonic Imaging
Definition
A quantitative method of characterizing and recognizing various tissue types, beyond what is visually possible from source images
Term
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
Definition
Federal law enacted by the Department of Health and Human Services marking the first comprehensive federal protection for the privacy of health information
Term
Heart Failure
Definition
The inability of the heart muscle to pump blood. Leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs, which makes breathing difficult and causes swelling of the legs, feet, liver, and other internal organs. Also known as congestive heart failure.
Term
Hematemesis
Definition
Bloody vomitus
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
The percentage of the volume of a blood sample that contains erythrocytes
Term
Hematology
Definition
The study of blood
Term
Hematoma
Definition
A localized mass of extravasated blood because of trauma. Usually clotted in an organ, space, or tissue
Term
Hematuria
Definition
Blood in the urine
Term
Hemiplegia
Definition
Paralysis of one side of the body
Term
Hemodialysis
Definition
A procedure to remove waste or other toxic substances from the blood that cannot be eliminated by the kidney
Term
Hemaglobin
Definition
Oxygen-carrying substance of the red blood cells
Term
Hemolysis
Definition
Destruction of red blood cells
Term
Hemoptysis
Definition
Bloody sputum
Term
Hemostasis
Definition
Stopping the flow of blood
Term
Hemostat
Definition
An instrument or clamp used to stop bleeding
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
A collection of blood in the pleural cavity
Term
Hemovac Drain
Definition
A round drain with springs inside that must be compressed to establish proper suction
Term
Hepatic B Virus (HBV)
Definition
A severe infectious liver virus. Classifications include hepatitis A, B, C
Term
Hernia
Definition
Protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the muscular wall
Term
Hierachy
Definition
A group of things arranged in order of rank, grade, or class
Term
Hirstism
Definition
Abnormal hairiness
Term
Histology
Definition
THe study of tissues
Term
Hodgkin Disease
Definition
A malignant disease characterized by swelling of the lymph glands
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The maintenance of constant sonditions in the internal enviroment. Enviroment of the body tends to return to normal whenever it is disturbed
Term
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Definition
A combination of estrogen and progestin therapy used for relief on menopausl symptoms. Patients taking these drugs may present with increased endometrial thickening
Term
Hydrogel
Definition
A colliod gel in which water is the dispersion medium; super apsorbent (they can contain more than 90% water) natural or synthetic polymers. Most common uses int eh health care enviroment are in disposable diapers to "capture" urine and in dressing for healing of burn or other hard-to-heal wounds
Term
Hydrotherapy
Definition
The use of water in treating disease
Term
Hyperemia
Definition
An excess of blood in any part of the body
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
Excess sugar in the blood
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
An abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ
Term
Hypertension
Definition
A persistently high arterial blood pressure
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
An increase in the size of an organ or part because of an increasein the size of its constituent cells
Term
Hypervolemia
Definition
An abnormal increase in the circulating blood volume
Term
Hypoplasia
Definition
Underdevelopment of tissue or an organ usually caused by a decrease in the numb er of cells
Term
Hypovolemic Shock
Definition
Shock caused by a reduction in the volume of blood, ar from hemorrage
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Low oxygen content
Term
Gastrectomy
Definition
Surgical removal of a part or all of the stomach
Term
Gavage
Definition
Feding by means of a stomach tube
Term
Germicide
Definition
An agent that kills germs
Term
Glutaraldehyde
Definition
A powerful solution used to disinfect transducers. Also known by such trade names as Cidex and Metrex
Term
Goiter
Definition
Enlargement of the thyroid glad
Term
Granulation
Definition
Small, fleshy, beadlike protuberances cinsisting of outgrowths of new capillaries on the surface of a wound that is healing. Also known as granulation tissue
Term
Gray Scale
Definition
A series of shades from white to black. The more shades or levels of gray, the more realistically an image can be recorded and displayed, especially a scanned photo
Term
Grief
Definition
Intense emotional suffering usually caused by loss
Term
Gynecology
Definition
Medical specialty that deals with the reproductive system of the nongravid female
Term
Fascia
Definition
A sheet of fibrous tissue that covers mouscles and certain other organs
Term
Feces
Definition
Excrement from the bowels bowels
Term
Fetal Distress
Definition
Abnoramal condition of the fetus characterized by irregular heart rhythm and meconium (fetal bowel movement) that discolors amniotic fluid. Turning the mother onto her side and administering oxygen often helps, but early delivery sometimes is necessary
Term
Fetus
Definition
The unborn infant
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
A type of cardiac arrhythmia
Term
Fibrosis
Definition
The formation of fibrous tissue, usually as a reparative process
Term
Filtration
Definition
The process by which water and dissolved substances are pushed through a permeable membrane from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure
Term
Fissure
Definition
A cleft or groove
Term
Fistula
Definition
Abnormal channel between two organs or internal organ and the skin. A deep ulcer or abnoraml passage often leading from a hollow organ to the body surface. Sometimes caused by congenital malformation or complications of surgery or childbirth
Term
Flatus
Definition
Gass or air in the stoamch or intestines
Term
Flexion
Definition
Decreasing of the angle at a joint (e.g., the bending of the elbow)
Term
FLotation Pads
Definition
Equipment designed solely for the use of people who are chronic invalids or have a physical disability. Pressure pads and other flotation pads are specially designed for the care and prevention of bed sores
Term
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
Definition
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism
Term
Fluid Volume Excess
Definition
A condition that results in excessive accumulation of fluid (e.g., polyhydramnios, ascites, edema)
Term
Fluoroscope
Definition
An x-ray machine used to allow visual examination of internal organs and to observe the movement and contour of the organs
Term
Foley Catheter
Definition
A tube used for continuous drainage of urine
Term
Fossa
Definition
A shallow or hollow place in a bone
Term
Fracture Pan
Definition
A portable bedpan designed for users who are immobalized (e.g., because of fractures or hip operations). it is smaller and more compact than a standard bedpan and thus easier to postion under this type of patient
Term
Frontal
Definition
A plane that divides the body into front and back portions
Term
Ecchymosis
Definition
A bruise; a discoloration of the skin caused by the extravastion of blood
Term
Echocardiogram
Definition
Sonographic examination of the heart
Term
Ectopic
Definition
Out of place
Term
Edema
Definition
Swelling caused by fluid retnetion; accumulation of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstitial spaces
Term
Effusion
Definition
Escape of fluid into a space, such as the Pleural cavity
Term
Elective
Definition
Not urgent. Elective surgery can be scheduled at the patient's convenience
Term
Electric Infusion Devices (EIDs)
Definition
Electronic infusion pumps are designed to ensure accurate adminsitration of intravenous fluid volume (which may contain drugs) over a given period of time. Such devices, which include syringe drivers, are known as volumetric pumps, because they control and monitor volume, rather than drops per minute. THe IVAC model is an example of a volumetric pump that is in common use
Term
Electrocardiogram
Definition
A graphic recording of the electrical current produced by the contraction of the heart
Term
Electroencephalogrm
Definition
A graphic recording of the electrical currents produced by brain action
Term
Electrolyte
Definition
A solution, sucha as a salt solution, that can conduct electricity
Term
Embolus
Definition
A mass of undissolved material traveling in the blood; it may be solid, liquid, or gaseous
Term
Embryo
Definition
The fetus before the end of the eigth week of conception
Term
Emesis
Definition
Vomitus
Term
Empathy
Definition
Sharing another's emotion
Term
Emphysema
Definition
A chronic lung disease usually characterized by greatly distended alveoli
Term
Empyema
Definition
Pus in the pleural cavity
Term
Endogenous
Definition
Originating within the body
Term
Endoscope
Definition
An instrument used to inspect the interior of a body cavity
Term
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatopraphy (ERCP)
Definition
An endoscopic x-ray procedure that permits visualization and biopsy of the biliary and pancreatic tissues
Term
Endotracheal Tube
Definition
A tube inserted into the trachea to provide a passageway for air. Also called a tracheal tube
Term
Endovaginal Sonography (EVS)
Definition
Also known as transvaginal sonography (TVS). EVS is an intracavitary ultrasound imaging technique that employs the insertion of a specialized transducer into the vaginal cavity
Term
Enteral Tube Feeding
Definition
Feeding by way of or within the small intestine
Term
Enterostomy
Definition
To provide with an opening, usually by surgical means
Term
Enzyme
Definition
A protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
Study of the occurance of a disease within a population
Term
Epistaxis
Definition
Nosebleed
Term
Ergonomics
Definition
The science of work. Ergonomics removes barriers to quality, productivuty, and safe human performance by fitting products, tasks, and enviroments to people
Term
Erosion
Definition
Wearing away of tissue
Term
Erythema
Definition
An unusual redness of the skin
Term
Esophagoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the esophagus
Term
Ethical Decision Making
Definition
The process of arriving at concrete judgements in situations in which action must be taken despite uncertainty
Term
Ethics
Definition
Systems of valued behaviors and beliefs that govern proper conduct to ensure protection of an individual's rights
Term
Etiology
Definition
Study of the cause of a disease or condition
Term
Eversion
Definition
Turning out or inside out
Term
Evisceration
Definition
Protusion of internal organs through a wound
Term
Exacerbation
Definition
An increase in the severity or or intensity of a disease and any of the symptoms
Term
Excoriation
Definition
An area where skin has been scraped away or chafed
Term
Exogenous
Definition
Originating outside the body
Term
Extension
Definition
The increasing or straightening of the angle at a point
Term
Extrasystole
Definition
A premature contraction of the heart; a type of cardiac arrhythmia
Term
Extravasation
Definition
An abnormality in flow that allows liquids (usually blood or IV fluid) to flow from a normal vessel into the surrounding body tissues
Term
Exudate
Definition
A substance thrown out, such as pus or serous fluid
Term
Dangling
Definition
A patient care technique that allows patients to sit on the edge of the bed and let their legs dangle loosely as a prelude to getting up and out of bed
Term
Debride
Definition
To remove foriegn material and contaminated or devitalized tissue by sharo dissection
Term
Defamation
Definition
Any communication that holds a person up to contempt, hatred, ridicule, or scorn and mars his or her reputation
Term
Defecation
Definition
Elimination of wastes from the intestine
Term
Dehumanization
Definition
To deprive of human qualities or attributes such as pity, kindness, and individuality
Term
Dementia
Definition
Loss of mental powers resulting from organic disease
Term
Deontology
Definition
The study of duty, moral obligation, and right action. Dentologists believe that one's duty is more important than bringing about good consequences; it is the motive or principle that determines right or wrong. one should do one's duty regardless of the consequences
Term
Dependant Postion
Definition
The lowest area; hanging down (e.g.; turning patients with a gallbladder problems onto their right side so that any gallstones will layer to the dependent area)
Term
Diabetes Insipidus
Definition
A disease caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
A metabolic disease in which carbohydrates are poorly oxidized
Term
Diagnosis-related Groups (DRGs)
Definition
A classification of hospital case types into groups expected to have similar hospital resource use. The groupings are based on diagnoses (using International Classifictaion od Disease [ICD] of the World Health Organization), procedures, age, sex, and the prescence of complications or comorbidities
Term
Dialysis
Definition
Cleansing the blood by artificial means when kidneys have failed. Hemodialysis filters blood throught a machine; peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane that lines the abdomen to filter impurities
Term
Diaphoresis
Definition
Excessive perspiration
Term
Diastole
Definition
The relaxation of the heart between contractions. The dialation or enlargement of an opening or a Hollow organ or tube
Term
Didactic
Definition
Used or intended for teaching
Term
Digital Scan Converter
Definition
Image processing device that uses a stable electronic circuit to store and manipulate ultrasonic images in memory. The device than reconstructs and displays these images simultaneously to create one single image
Term
isinfectant
Definition
An agent that kills some pathogens
Term
Distal
Definition
Farther from the body or from the origin of a part
Term
Diuresis
Definition
Increased urine production
Term
Diuretic
Definition
A drug used to cause diuresis
Term
Dobutamine
Definition
A potent cardiac stimulant used oin stress echocardiography
Term
Doppler Effect
Definition
Change in the observed frequency of a wave, occuring when the source and observer are in motion relative to each other. Frequency increases as the soure and observer approach each other and decreases as they move apart. Any source motion causes a real shift in wave frequencies, whereas the observer motion produces only an apparent shift in frequency
Term
Dorsal
Definition
The posterior aspect or back of the body or organ
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
Flexion or bending of the foot toward the leg
Term
Drawsheet
Definition
An exra (short) sheet placed int eh middle of the bed and under patients who cannot move on their own. A patient can be rolled or moved from one area of the bed to another by two people on either side of the bed, using the drawsheet like a sling to move the patient
Term
Dysfunction
Definition
Disturbed or abnormal function of an organ
Term
Dysmenorrhea
Definition
Pianful menstruation
Term
Dysphagia
Definition
Difficulty in swallowing
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
Abnormal change or growth; alteration in size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells
Term
Dyspena
Definition
Labored breathing
Term
Dysrhythmia
Definition
Any disturbance in normal rhythm
Term
Dystrophy
Definition
Faulty or defective nutrition
Term
Dysuria
Definition
Painful or difficult urination
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