Term
| Meissner's corpuscles carry what sensation? |
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Definition
Tactile impulses- fine touch
Under epithelium
RAPIDLY adapting |
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Term
| Paccinian corpuscles carry what sensation? |
|
Definition
Vibration sense
Deep under skin and bigger
RAPIDLY adapting |
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Term
| Merkel's disks carry what sensation? |
|
Definition
Pressure
Inside epithelium
SLOWLY adapting |
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Term
| Ruffini's endings carry what sensation? |
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Definition
Pressure
Deeper under skin
SLOWLY adapting |
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Term
| Muscle spindles carry what sensation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Golgi tendon organs carry what sensation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the PCMLS cross? |
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Definition
Internal arcuate fibers, AFTER synapsing in the Gracile and Cuneate nuclei
BRAINSTEM |
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Term
| Where does the Anterior Trigeminothalamic tract cross? |
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Definition
| In the brainstem, after synapsing in the Principal nucleus |
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Term
| Where does the Posterior Trigeminothalamic tract cross? |
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Definition
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Term
| Regions 3a and 2 of the primary sensory cortex are target areas for what receptors? |
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Definition
| Muscle Spindle, GTO, joint receptors |
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Term
| Regions 3b and 1 of the primary sensory cortex are target areas for what receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| A lesion that causes loss of area 1 of the primary sensory cortex causes loss of what functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| A lesion that causes loss of area 2 of the primary sensory cortex causes loss of what functions? |
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Definition
Loss of shape and size discrimination
ASTEREOGNOSIS |
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Term
| A lesion that causes loss of area 3b of the primary sensory cortex causes loss of what functions? |
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Definition
| Loss of texture discrimination and shape/size discrimination |
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Term
| The primary sensory cortex has a medial aspect near the longitudinal fissure, and a lateral aspect near the lateral sulcus. Senses for the head are located closer to which? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary sensory cortex has a medial aspect near the longitudinal fissure, and a lateral aspect near the lateral sulcus. Senses for the feet and junk are located closer to which? |
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Definition
| Medial region- longitudinal fissure |
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Term
| The secondary somatosensory cortex receives input from where? |
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Definition
Ipsilateral primary sensory cortex
VPI thalamic nucleus |
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Term
| What supplies blood to the secondary somatosensory cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the posterior column of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the medial lemniscus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the VPL and VPM? |
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Definition
Thalamogeniculate branches of the posterior cerebral artery
(Thalamogeniculate arteries) |
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the primary sensory cortex? |
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Definition
Anterior cerebral artery- genitals and feet
Middle cerebral artery- everything else |
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the principal sensory nucleus and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus? |
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Definition
| Basilar and superior cerebellar arteries |
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Term
| Loss of blood supply to the basilar and superior cerebellar arteries causes what? |
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Definition
| Loss of function of the sensory pathway for CONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION OF THE HEAD |
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Term
| Where do the nerves for nonconscious proprioception send signals to, and what happens if we lose this area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is FRIEDRICH ATAXIA? |
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Definition
| Degeneration of spinal cord pathways including the major SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS- lack of coordination during walking and other movements |
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Term
| What are the two nonconscious proprioceptive pathways of the Lower Limb? |
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Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts |
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Term
| What are the two nonconscious proprioceptive pathways of the Upper Limb? |
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Definition
Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract
Cuneocerebellar Tract |
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Term
| Where does the Anterior spinocerebellar tract synapse, and where does it cross? |
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Definition
Synapse: Lamina V,VII- spinal border cells of L3-L5 (anterior Horn)
Crosses at level of spine but crosses back so is FUNCTIONALLY UNCROSSED |
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Term
| Where does the Posterior spinocerebellar tract synapse, and where does it cross? |
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Definition
Synapse: DORSAL NUCLEUS OF CLARK
DOESE NOT CROSS |
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Term
| What are the receptors for the Anterior Spinocerebellar and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts and where are they found? |
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Definition
Anterior ST- Lower Limb- Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors
Posterior ST- Lower Limb- Proprioceptors with few cutaneous receptors |
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Term
| Where do the Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar tracts end up, and how do they get there? |
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Definition
Anterior- travels through Superior Cerebellar Peduncle to reach the LATERAL cerebellar vermis
Posterior- travels through the restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) to reach the MEDIAL cerebellar vermis |
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Term
| If there is a cerebellar lesion, where do we find the deficits? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract synapse and where does it cross? |
|
Definition
Synapse: Lamina VII of cervical enlargement at C4-C8
Cross: It doesn't |
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Term
| What does the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract travel in and where does it end up? |
|
Definition
The Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract;
LATERAL CEREBELLAR VERMIS |
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Term
| What does the Cuneocerebellar Tract travel in and where does it end up? |
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Definition
| The conscious pathways of the dorsal horn; ends up in the MEDIAL cerebellar vermis |
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Term
| Where does the cuneocerebellar tract synapse and where does it cross? |
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Definition
The synapse is up in the LATERAL CUNEATE NUCLEUS
It does not cross |
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Term
| What are the receptors for the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract? |
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Definition
| Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| What are the receptors for the Cuneocerebellar Tract? |
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Definition
| Proprioceptors with few cutaneous mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| What are the two nuclei of the trigeminocerebellar pathways, and what do they carry? |
|
Definition
Mesencephalic Nucleus;
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- pars interpolaris
Both carry non-conscious proprioception of the head to the cerebellar hemispheres and cerebellar nuclei |
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Term
| Where are the receptors for the trigeminocerebellar pathways? |
|
Definition
| Facial and masticatory muscles |
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Term
| MOST of the spinal trigeminal nucleus carries what kind of sense? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How does the spinal trigeminal- pars interpolaris pathway of the trigeminocerebellar tract end up in the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| RESTIFORM BODY (Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle) |
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Term
| How does the mesencephalic nucleus pathway of the trigeminocerebellar tract end up in the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
| Superior Cerebellar Peduncle |
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Term
| Name the two types of nociceptors and their level of myelination: |
|
Definition
Adelta- mechanical nociceptors- THINLY myelinated
C fibers- unmyelinated |
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Term
| What are the protopathic senses? |
|
Definition
| Pain, temperature, and crude touch |
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Term
| Where does the ALS Spinothalamic tract synapse and where does it cross? |
|
Definition
Synapses: Lamina I, V for A deltas
Lamina II for C fibers
Crosses at the anterior commissure of the same spinal level |
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|
Term
| Where does the ALS Spinothalamic tract end up? |
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Definition
| It travels to the VPL, then the cortex MAINLY, but gives collaterals to the reticular formation of the brainstem |
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Term
| Whee does the ALS spinoreticular tract synapse and where does it cross? |
|
Definition
Synapse: Lamina II and III for C fibers
HAS INTERNEURONS THAT SYNAPSE IN LAMINA V, AND VIII
Crosses at the anterior commisure of the same level |
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|
Term
| Where does the ALS spinoreticular tract end up? |
|
Definition
| It travels with the anterolateral system to synapse in the reticular formation, and from there goes to the INTRALAMINAR and POSTERIOR NUCLEI OF THE THALAMUS |
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Term
| The ALS spinoreticular tract sends some fibers to the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. What kind of pain is transmitted here, and where does it end up? |
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Definition
| LOCALIZED pain, ends up in the primary somatosensory cortex |
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Term
| The ALS spinoreticular tract sends some fibers to the posterior nuclei of the thalamus. What kind of pain is transmitted here, and where does it end up? |
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Definition
| DULL, persistent pain- ends up in the SECONDARY somatosensory cortex |
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|
Term
| What is another name for Lamina II? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is interesting/important about the Spinocervicothalamic tract? |
|
Definition
It carries protopathic sensation independent of the ALS system, so if one is lost there is still transmission of pain by the other
Also, a lesion of this tract is not a permanent disability since it is a backup |
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Term
| Where does the Spinocervicothalamic tract synapse, and where does it cross? |
|
Definition
Synapse is in Lamina III, IV-
Doesn't cross until the Lateral Cervical Nucleus at C1-C2 |
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|
Term
| The spinocervicothalamic tract carries protopathic sensation to synapse in the lateral cervical nucleus via what tract? |
|
Definition
| Ipsilateral Lateral Funiculus |
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|
Term
| The spinocervicothalamic tract, after synapsing, crosses and travels in what system to what ultimate destination? |
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Definition
| After synapsing in the Lateral Cervical Nucleus, it crosses and travels in the MEDIAL LEMNISCUS to the VPL of the thalamus and on to the cortex |
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Term
| PROTOPATHIC sensation from the anterior trigeminothalamic tract synapses where and travels where? Does it cross? |
|
Definition
Synapse is in the spinal trigeminal nucleus
Crosses there, and travels to the VPM of the thalamus and on to the cortex
SOME FIBERS GO TO RETICULAR FORMATION |
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|
Term
| The mesencephalic nucleus is associated with what senses? |
|
Definition
| Non-conscious proprioception |
|
|
Term
| The principal nucleus is associated with what senses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Spinal Trigeminal nucleus is associated with what senses? |
|
Definition
| Protopathic and some non-conscious proprioception |
|
|
Term
| What vessels supply the SPINAL ALS? |
|
Definition
Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries
(arterial vasocorona) |
|
|
Term
| What vessels supply the MEDULLARY ALS and the spinal trigeminal nucleus? |
|
Definition
PICA- VERY IMPORTANT
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
If lesioned, takes out the ALS, and the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus |
|
|
Term
| If there is a lesion/occlusion of the PICA, what regions are lost, what are the symptoms, and what is the syndrome called? |
|
Definition
Medullary part of ALS, spinal trigeminal nucleus
CONTRALATERAL loss of protopathic senses over the body
IPSILATERAL loss of protopathic senses over the face |
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Term
| A patient presents to you unable to feel pain, temperature, and crude touch on the left half of their body and the right side of their face. You suspect a lesion where, on which side, involving what artery? |
|
Definition
The lesion would be on the RIGHT side, in the medullary ALS and trigeminal nucleus, involving the PICA
This is Wallenberg Syndrome |
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|
Term
| What vessels supply the VPL and VPM? |
|
Definition
| Thalamogeniculate branches of the posterior cerebral artery |
|
|
Term
| What vessels supply the primary sensory cortex? |
|
Definition
| Anterior and Middle Cerebral arteries |
|
|
Term
| A patient presents with loss of fine senses on one side, protopathic senses on the other side, and paralysis on the same side as loss of fine senses. What do they have? |
|
Definition
Brown-Sequard Syndrome- Supply to half the cord is gone
Posterior column loss- same side
ALS- contralateral side
Motor- same side
(ALL BELOW MIDBRAIN SYNAPSES) |
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|
Term
| What gets destroyed in syringomyelia? |
|
Definition
| Decussating ALS fibers in the anterior commissure- ONLY THE CROSSING FIBERS AT THAT LEVEL |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical presentation of syringomyelia? |
|
Definition
| Bilateral loss of nociception, crude touch, and thermal sensations, beginning several segments below the level of injury |
|
|
Term
| Name two treatments for deafferentation pain: |
|
Definition
Thalamic Lesioning-
Deep brain electrical stimulation |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat central (thalamic) pain? |
|
Definition
| TENS, posterior column, and deep brain stimulation |
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