Term
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Definition
"Soma" means "body"
-Characterized by complaints of bodily symptoms or defects that suggest the presence of medical problems
-However, no organic basis (i.e., physical pathology) can be found that satisfactorily explains the symptoms such as pain or paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by preoccupations with fears of contracting serious disease or with the idea that they actually have such a disease even though they do not. |
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Term
| DSM-IV for Hypochondriasis |
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Definition
-Preoccupation with fears contracting, or the idea that one has, a serious disease, based on misinterpretation of bodily symptoms
-Persists despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance
-Clinically significant distress/impairment
-6 month duration
Not malingering or factious disorder |
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Term
| Prevalence of Hypochondriasis |
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Definition
Course: Typically chronic if untreated, severity may wax or wane.
Comorbidity: Co-occurs with mood disorders, panic disorders, other somatoform disorders |
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Term
| Causal Factors of Hypochondriasis |
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Definition
Cognitive behavior:
-Misinterpretations of bodily symptoms
-Dysfunctional assumptions about symptoms and disease
-Anxiety about symptoms can worsen the symptoms
-Secondary reinforcement |
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Term
| Treatment of Hypochondraisis |
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Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: 6-16 sessions
-Identify and modify misinterpretations of body sensations, and beliefs about illness
-Behavioral Component: Exposure to innocuous symptoms and have patients focus on parts of their body |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by many different complaints of physical ailments in the absence of physical pathology |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Somatization |
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Definition
-History of physical complaints starting before age 30 that occur over several years and result in treatment being sought, or significant impairment in functioning
-Each of the following must have been met as some time:
Four pain symptoms in different sites, two gastrointestinal symptoms other than pain, one sexual symptom other than pain, one pseudoneurolgical symptom
-Either... After appropriate investigation, cannot be accounted for by medical condition or When there is no medical condition, the physical complaints are in excess of what would be expected.
-Symptoms are not intentional produced or faked. |
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Term
| Somatization vs. Hypochondriasis |
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Definition
-Both are characterized by preoccupation with physical symptoms; however... Only those with hypochondrasis tend to be convinced that they have an organic disease... Hypochondriasis has only one or a few primary symptoms, but in somatization disorder, there are by defintion multiple.
Very limited research about whether or not they should be two diagnoses |
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Term
| Prevalence of Somatization Disorder |
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Definition
Course: Relatively chronic with poor prognosis, sometimes remits spontaneously
Comorbidity: Commonly co-occurs such as major depression, panic disorder, phobic disorder, GAD |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by the experience of persistent and severe pain in one or more areas of the body that is not intentionally faked. |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Pain Disorder |
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Definition
-Pain in one or more sites as a primary focus of clinical presentation
-Pain causes significant distress or impairment in functioning
-Psychological factors judged to have an important sole in the pain
-Symptom or deficit is not intentionally produced or faked |
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Term
| Prevalence of Pain Disorder |
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Definition
| Comorbidity: Frequently comorbid with anxiety and or mood disorders, higher rates also found amount those with opiate dependence |
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Term
| Treatment of Pain Disorder |
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Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy:
Target catastrophizing thoughts, behavioral Activation and activity planning, Relaxation training |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by symptoms or deficits affecting sensory or voluntary motor functions leading one to think there is a medical or neurological problem in the absence of physical pathology. |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Conversion Disorder |
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Definition
-One or more symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest medical condition
-Psychological factors judged to be associated, because stressors precede onset
-Not intentionally produced or faked
-Not due to medical condition
-Clinically significant distress/impairment |
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Term
| Prevalence of Conversion Disorder |
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Definition
Course: Rapid onset after stressor, resolves within 2 weeks if stressor removed, commonly recurs, may be chronic for some
Comorbidity: Frequently co-occurs with major depression, anxiety disorders, somatization and dissociative disorders |
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Term
| Treatment for Conversion Disorder |
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Definition
Not much known due to lack of research
-Behavioral approaches: identify and remove any reinforcement for abnormal behaviors, reinforce normal behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by obsession about some perceived or imagined flaw or flaws in one's appearance to the point one firmly believers he/she is disfigured or ugly |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Body Dysmorphic Disorder |
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Definition
-Preoccupation with imagined defect in appearance markedly excessive if slight physical anomaly is present.
-Clinically significant distress/impairment
Associated features:
-Compulsive checking behaviors common
-Avoidance of activities
-Reassurance seeking
-Engagement in activities to cover up their perceived flaw |
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Term
| Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder |
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Definition
Comrobidity: High rates of comorbid depression, suicidal behavior
Relationship to eating disorders, OCD, psychosis |
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Term
| Casual Factors for Body Dysmoprhic Disorder |
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Definition
-Preliminary evidence for personality predisposition
-Differences in visual processing of faces
-Sociocultural context
-Cognitive style, biased attention and interpretation of information relating to attractiveness |
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Term
| Treatment for Dysmorphic Disorder |
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Definition
Antidepressants, high doses
CBT - focus on distorted perceptions, response prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| Intentionally producing or exaggerating symptoms and is motivated by external incentives |
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Term
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Definition
| Intentionally produces symptoms to obtain and maintain the personal benefits that playing the "sick role" (even with repeated hospitalizations) may provide (including attention from others) |
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