Term
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Definition
| Plowed, tilled or otherwise disturbed surface layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic Matter-Surface accumulation |
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Term
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Definition
Least decomposed Organic Matter
Fiber=<40% |
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Term
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Definition
Intermediate decomposition
Fiber= 17-40% |
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Term
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Definition
Most decomposed Organic matter
Fiber=>17% |
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Term
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Definition
| Humified organic matter mixed with mineral fraction |
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Term
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Definition
Eluvial horizon,
Iron and carbonates leach out of this zone.
Lighter colored then above horizons |
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Term
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Definition
Illuviation material leached from above horizons concentrates here
Underlies O,A,E horizons
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Term
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Definition
| Illuvial accumulation of amorphous organic matter-sesquioxide complexes. |
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Term
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Definition
Illuvial accumulation of alkaline earth pedogenic carbonates.
Typically Calcium-Caronate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Illuvial concentrations of silt |
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Term
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Definition
| Residual concentration of Sesquioxides |
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Term
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Definition
Accumulation of silicate clay
Evidenced by argillans on ped faces or lamellae
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of secondary or pedogenic gypsum |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of salts more soluble then gypsum |
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Term
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Definition
Subsurface horizon that has a larger carbonate concentration.
Similar to B-horizon |
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Term
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Definition
Subsurface horizon with material from which the soil was formed.
Lacks properties of A and B horizons, unaltered material for the most part below weathering level. |
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Term
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Definition
presence of concretions or hard non-concretionary nodules.
Fe, Al,Mn,Ti |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of jarosite. |
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Term
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Definition
Accumulation of pedogenic, exchangable sodium.
Sodium salts commonly |
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Term
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Definition
Presence of fragipan characteristics
Firmness, brittleness, high bulk-density |
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Term
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Definition
| Frozen subsoil horizon which contains permafrost |
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Term
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Definition
Truely unaltered material
usually for describing glacial till. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage by weight of sand, silt, and clay |
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Term
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Definition
different shapes of aggregates we call peds
How the soil reacts to water, erosion, and plants. |
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Term
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Definition
variation in soil color over a very short distance.
Less dominent color is the mottle |
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Term
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Definition
Structureless
Weak
moderate
strong |
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Term
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Definition
Pedoturbation and slickenlines
high clay content
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Term
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Definition
| Cyroturbation from freeze-thaw cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Plinthite
Iron in gel state that hardens when oxidized |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous and nearly continuous sedimentation |
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Term
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Definition
important weathering process for silicates- hydrogen ions attack silica ions.
Feldspar weathering |
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Term
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Definition
water moves against force of gravity
better in fine texture materials (clay)
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Term
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Definition
| water that moves through and eventually out of soil due to gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
Water that moves under capillary forces.
H2O present after gravity water gone |
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Term
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Definition
water that is absorbed onto surface of soil and air dries it.
No transport |
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Term
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Definition
| Translocation of metallic constituants |
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Term
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Definition
cellulose
used for sticking things together |
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Term
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Definition
protiens
derived from organisms |
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Term
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Definition
lignins or tannins
Give the soil color |
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Term
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Definition
development of color or structure
Little or no apparent illuvial accumulation of material |
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Term
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Definition
Level ground very stable
poor drainage
infiltration only
Uniform profiles, less distinct horizon development generally gleyed
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Term
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Definition
convex slope
transistions from poor drained to well drained
runoff site, minimal infiltration
erosion is high-creep
soil thickness and organic matter minimal b/c instability of landform position |
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Term
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Definition
sloping, linear shape
very well drained
runoff site, infiltration low
unstable with max transport of material-mass wasting
Thin A horizon and a well developed B horizon |
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Term
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Definition
concave shape
poor drainage
surface run-off site and infilitration high
unstable landform but net depositional
variable soil horizons dependant on mass movement processes and deposition. |
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Term
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Definition
low-flat floodplain generally
poor drainage worse depending on water table
mostly infiltration of precipitation
fluvial processes, flooding possible
soil variable depending on the site
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