Term
| What is the end of the study we are considering in the Laches? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Laches first definition of courage? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
"If a man remains at his post without running away then he is a man of courage.
-- Definition is too broad. Socrates wants an answer that applies to everyone |
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Term
| What is Laches' second definition of courage? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
| 2. Endurance of the soul (2a - WISE endurance of the soul; it can endure evil things) |
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Term
| What is Nicias' definition of courage? |
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Definition
| Knowledge of what is to be feared and what is to be hoped for. |
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Term
| What is Charmides' first definition of temperance? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
Doing everything in a quiet/slow way
-- this definition is too behavioral, too general. Socrates lists many things that are better done loudly and quickly |
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Term
| What is Charmides' second definition of temperance? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
Modesty (aidos), respect, sense of shame
-- no official argument from Socrates, just a disagreement
*Socrates quotes Homer: "Modesty is not good for the needy man." |
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Term
| What is Charmides' third definition of temperance? |
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Definition
| Minding your own business |
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Term
| What definition of justice Socrates extract from Cephalus? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
Repaying debts
-- What if a sane man lends his gun to a friend, then asks for it back when he is unstable? |
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Term
| What is Polemarchus' second definition? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
(334B) Benefiting friends who are good and harming enemies who are bad.
-- Socrates responds by saying that to harm someone makes them worse (less virtuous, less just). You can't define justice as something that makes someone less just. |
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Term
| What, according to Critias and the oracle at Delphi, is temperance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Thrasymachus' first defintion? What is wrong with it? |
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Definition
(338c) Advantage of the stronger.
-- But if one obeys, one does what is not to the advantage of the stronger. (It is easy for a ruler to act against his own self-interest.) |
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Term
| Why is justice stronger than injustice? |
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Definition
Ignorance is weakness. The unjust are ignorant, therefore, they cannot be just. EX> even outlaws must have justice to work together
(Sooner or later real injustice will fail. It is subject to discrepancies and self-defeating behaviors - Parasitic) |
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Term
| Why cannot the many do the greatest evils and the greatest good? |
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Definition
| The greatest good is to give knowledge and the greatest evil is to rid the others of knowledge. Because the majority cannot make a man either wise of foolish, the majority cannot commit the greatest good or evil. (44d) |
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Term
| If we should not consider what the majority will say, whose opinion should we follow? |
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Definition
| The expert opinion. But, "we must rely on the truth itself if we do not have the one person who can properly understand justice and injustice." (48a) |
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Term
| Should we do wrong in return for wrong? |
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Definition
| No, because unvirtuous behavior makes one unvirtuous. "One must never do wrong." (49a) |
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Term
| What is oratory according to Gorgias? What is its relation to right and wrong? |
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Definition
| Craft of words, without regards to truth. Produces persuasion that comes from being convinced, NOT the persuasion that comes from teaching, concerning what's just and unjust. |
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Term
| What, according to Socrates, is oratory instead of a craft? Of what class of activities is it part? |
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Definition
Oratory is a knack and it's a part of flattery
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Term
| Do orators and tyrants do what they want? |
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Definition
| No. Because orators and tyrants are ignorant of how to bring about the state of affairs they desire to being about, their actions may very well prevent that state of affairs from taking place. For instance, while a tyrant may have the power to execute, it may very well be that execution keeps that state of affairs from occurring. |
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Term
| Is it more shameful to do or to suffer wrong? |
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Definition
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Term
| What craft gets rid of corruption and injustice? |
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Definition
| Justice -- to pay what is due gets rid of corruption. (going to judges and doing what is just) |
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Term
| What is the very worst thing of all? |
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Definition
| Not paying what's due when one has done what's unjust is by its nature the worst thing (not righting one's wrongs or staying corrupted) |
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Term
| Of what fallacy is Socrates guilty, according to Callicles? |
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Definition
| Nomos-phusis distinction - Callicles accuses Socrates of either violating laws or nature, whichever best suits him |
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Term
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Definition
| weak people. Everyone should have equal rights, limits the stronger |
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Term
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Definition
| strong people. Hierachy of power |
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Term
| What is the relationship between pain and pleasure? |
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Definition
We cease pleasure and pain at the same time.
We do not cease from good and evil at the same time.
Good and evil are not the same as pleasure and pain. |
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Term
Should the pleasant be done for the sake of the good or the good for the sake of the pleasure?
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Definition
| Pleasant for the sake of the good. |
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Term
| For what purpose will the true craftsman do all he does? |
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Definition
| Establishment of harmony through order and regulation. |
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Term
| What must the good man have beside the desire not to do wrong? |
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Definition
| Self-discipline and a craft to do good |
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Term
| Who is one of the few athenians to take up the true political craft? |
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Definition
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