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| The use of language in a way that is not shared by members of the larger culture. Secretive vocabulary, restricted to a particular group of subculture, can exclude outsiders, prevent getting caught. Gives common identity through metaphorical language. |
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| street names typically applied to symbolize some aspect of a participant's personality, biography, physique, or other identifiable characteristic. |
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| groups that are a part of the cultural mainstream and often share many of the values and goals of the cultural mainstream, but nevertheless maintain a distinctive lifestyle that is integrated around the use of illegal drugs. |
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| boundary-maintenance mechanisms |
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| ways to distinguish between members of identifiable social group and all others who are not members. |
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| the sequence of movement from one position to another in an occupational system by any individual who works in that system. Respectable-Deviant, Occupational-Nonoccupational |
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| that portion of the total crimes committed that are not brought to the attention of the police ( very high, particularly for drug crimes) |
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| study of the distribution of a phenomenon over a population |
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| study of causes of a phenomenon |
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| number of new individuals who acquire a disease within a given time period, typically a year. |
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| N- total number of users, n- |
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statistics on drug use which are gathered as a function of day-to-day organizational procedures conducted by the government or other agencies cooperating with the government in the normal course of their work. *National Institute on Drug Abuse
(government agency. Uniform Crime Reports(UCR)- reported by local police departments and compiled by the FBI. Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM)- Program, formerly the Drug Use Forecasting system, Correctional Data- from a myriad of sources, at federal and local levels, including statistics on probationers. Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)- comprising data reported by hospital emergency departments and by medical examiners. Treatment Data-n/a |
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| the total number of individuals in population who have a disease at any given point. |
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| the number of drug users per unit of a population. (not per 100 like N, n) important to know what unit it to interpret data accurately) |
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| statistics gathered by researchers for the express purpose of identifying drug users, learning relevant information about them, and estimating incidence and prevalence. Three Major Sources: Monitering the Future (8th, 10th, 12th graders) Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. MTF: an annual survey of high school students conducted by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS): a biennial survey of high school students conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. NSDUH: sponsered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and interviewing some 70,000 individuals for households across the country. |
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| proteins, steroids, and human growth hormones |
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| have depressent-type of effect on the CNS and are prescribed to reduce blood pressure and slow down heart rate. Athletes use for accuracy (more time to aim between heart beats) popular in precision sports, shooting, archery, etc |
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| withdrawing amounts of blood (typically two pints) two or three months prior to event, blood frozen/preserved, and by the time of event the body has replenished its own blood supply. the athlete then infuses his system with the oxygen-carrying red blood cells from the blood withdrawn thus supply extra oxygen that helps with endurance. |
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| among the more recent enhancement drugs to hit the sports world, and were first banned in Olympic competition in 1986. Medically, they are used primarily to treat people with fluid retention problems. Athletes use to lose weight and mask other drugs by speeding up flushing process. |
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| drugs used by athletes to improve athletic perfomance |
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| (energy-producing) accelerate the CNS, stimulant, includes amphetamines, meth, caffeine, and cocaine. certain stimulants are permitted for asthma conditions. |
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| drugs cancel out each others effects |
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| combination of drugs has a greater effect then simply an additive |
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| changes in public attitudes |
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| method by which drugs are introduced into one's physiological systems |
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| focus on the action of psychoactive drugs |
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| percent of the drug substance that is actually the drug itself |
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| strength of drug in question |
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| individuals or groups who argue that they are the ones who should define the reality of drugs and their users |
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| the study of how the biochemical substances we know as drugs affect the structure of the human body. |
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| the effect of one drug may be greatly heightened by the presence of the other drug, whose effect is muted, or the effect of both drugs may be heightened. |
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| affect the functioning of the CNS in some way, hence influencing thought, emotional response, perception, mood, etc. |
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| effective dose/lethal dose |
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