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| behaviors associated with a particular status |
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| occurs when the roles associated with ones status class with the oles associated with a different status |
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| occur when roles associated with a single status clash |
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| refers to the process of evoking , suppressing or managing feelings to create a public display of emotion |
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| when individuals are in one another's physical presence |
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| collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another , and interact with each other |
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| temporary gathering of a group in a public place where members may interact but do not identify with each other |
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| a collection of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations (ex: dorms) |
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| a web of direct and indirect yes connecting an individual with other people |
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| patterns of interaction between groups and individuals |
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| smallest possible social group ( 2 members). unstable due to small size |
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| 3 person group. more stable due to the problems of two members can be mediated by the third |
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| group that identifies with and feels loyal toward |
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| any group that an individual feels opposition rivalry or hostility toward |
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| group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves |
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| mildest form of conformity - to gain reward and avoid punishment |
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| conformity to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group |
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| strongest type of conformity - an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group and makes them their own |
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| a source of inefficacy when working in teams |
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| the ability to control the actions of others |
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| power that is backed by the threat of force |
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| power that is supported by persuasion |
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| secondary group designed to perform task efficiently |
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| George Ritzer's term describing the spread of bureaucratic rationalization |
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| the entire way of life of a group of people (including both material and symbolic elements) that acts as a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next |
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| the principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own abnormal |
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| the principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one's own culture |
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| the objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork; any physical object which we give social meaning |
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| the ideas associated with a cultural group, including ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication) |
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| a symbol that stands for or conveys an idea |
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| the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate without words; actions that have symbolic meaning |
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| a system of communication using vocal sounds, gestures, or written symbols; the basis of symbolic culture and the primary means through which we communicate with one another and perpetuate our culture |
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| the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language |
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| ideas about what is desirable or contemptible and right or wrong in a particular group. They articulate the essence of everything that a cultural groupd cherishes and honors |
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| a rule or guideline regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptible and appropiate within a culture |
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| a common type of fomally defined norm, providing an explicit statement about what is permissible and what is illegal in a given society |
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| a loosely enforced norm involving common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance |
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| a norm that carries great moral significance, is closely related to the core values of a cultural group, and often involves severe repurcussions for violators |
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| a norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror or revulsion |
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| a behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction |
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| Robert Merton's argument that in an unequal society tension or strain between socially approved goals .. |
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| individuals who accept society's approved goals but not society's approved means to achieve them |
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| individuals who have given up hope of achieving society's approved goals and the means by which to achieve them |
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| individuals who reject both society's approved goals and the means by which to achieve them |
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| individuals who reject society's approved goals and means and instead create and work toward their own goals using new means |
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| differential association theory |
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| Edwin Sutherland's theory that asserts that we learn to be deviant through our interactions w/others who are deviant |
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| Howard Becker's idea that deviance is not inherited in any act, belief; instead, it is determined by the audience |
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| the act or attitude that causes one to be deviant |
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| deviant identity or career |
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| the rejection or transformation of the stigma of a deviant identity |
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| a prediction that causes itself to come true |
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| Erving Goffman's term for any physical or social attribute that devalues a person's/group's identity |
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| concealing stigmatizing info |
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| people living in one way or another outside mainstream society |
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| the use of electronic media to teases, harass, etc. |
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| crime committed by a high-status individual in the course of his or her occupation |
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| positive or negative reactions to the ways that people follow or disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for norm violations |
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| the formal and informal mechanisms used to increase conformity to values and norms and thus increase social cohesion |
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| a policy that values diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds and so encourages the retention of cultural differences within society rather than assimilation |
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| the values, norms, and practices of the group within society that is most powerful (in terms of wealth, prestige, status, influence etc) |
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| term developed by Antonio Gramsci to describe the cultural aspects of social control, whereby the ideas of the dominant social group are accepted by all of society |
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| a group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle |
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| a group within society that openly rejects and/or actively opposes society's values and norms |
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| clashes within mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld |
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| the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that members of asociety believe should be observed in principle |
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| the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that actually exists within a society (which may or may not correspond to the society's deals) |
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| usually contrasted with the high culture of elite groups; forms of cultural expression usually associated with masses, consumer goods, and commercial products |
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| groups of people who share similar artistic, literary, media, recreational, and intellectual interests |
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| areas of culture that share similar aesthetics and standards of taste |
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| having many possible meanings or interpretation |
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| a group of people dedicated to the consumption and interpretation of a particular cultural product and who create a collective, social meaning for the product |
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| the group composed of everyone involved in the creation, distribution, and consumption of any cultural product |
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| material artifacts and the knowledge and techniques required to use them |
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| technological determinism |
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| the notion that developments in material culture provide the primary driving forces behind social organization and social change |
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| the dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another |
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| the process by which cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar |
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| the imposition of one's culture's beliefs, practices, and artifacts on another culture through mass media and consumer products |
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