Term
| what are the three general systems of social stratification? |
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Definition
Social stratification - ways in which social inequalities are passed on from one generation to the next.
slavery (closed system)
caste system - heredity system of rank. paying for prior life's debts in your current ones (closed system)
social class- based on economic standing |
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Term
| what is de-industrialization |
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Definition
| process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. It is an opposite of industrialization. |
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Term
| how would functionalists and conflict theorists view stratification by gender? |
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Definition
functionalists-women have less power serves a function to maintain hierarchy.
conflict-not fair women have to be sub-ordinates, but it keeps men in power. |
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Term
| what was Foss' perspective on gender? |
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Definition
| Foss believes we are going in the right direction. he believes that we are becoming more gender neutral. although, people do disagree because they are saying we are becoming more politically correct rather than gender neutral. |
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Term
| understand the conflict, functionalist, and interactionist perspectives on aging. |
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Definition
conflict- ageism, say it's discrimination against the elderly.
interactionist- activity theory (older person that remains active, will be better adjusted) it is important for older people to remain active and stay an important part in society. if you are physically and emotionally fit then you will remain healthier
functionalist- disengagement theory (older person and society should sever their relationship)
the functionalist and interactionist are in disagreement
conflict says both theories are wrong |
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Term
| what are the challenges that people in middle adulthood face? |
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Definition
around forties experience mid-life crisis and engage in self analysis.
middle aged women caught b/w assisting teens and parents called the sandwich generation.
Curvilinear pattern of marriage
happy in the beginning, then kids are born and your working alot so this time becomes very stressful, then after all of that is settled happiness resumes |
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Term
| challenges of post parental years? |
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Definition
empty next= when last kid leaves home, usually a time to be proud since the parent accomplished the goal, then begins a new time to invest in themselves.
but they can get sad and lonely and worry about the kids |
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Term
| what are the challenges of late adulthood |
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Definition
-finances
-12% of people 65 and older live below poverty line
-deteriorating health
-retirement (can get boring, can get a feeling of being worthless, men get worthless feeling more then women)
-have problems with friends or family or lack thereof
Widowhood-losing a spouse (in our society we have more widows then widowers (women vs men)
-women outlive men
-women use less drugs then men, but women's use is on the rise
-research shows men become more lonely then women
#1 victims of scams are elderly
organizations that benefit the elderly- owl (older womens league)
-grey panthers (make sure they have access to quality housing
-AARP (biggest generation, biggest lobying group in congress, brought in mandatory reporting that if you see violence it must be reported)
Baby boom generation 1946-1964
Bell study showed that the top five prime time shows had an individual aged 65 or older |
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Term
| what is the paradox of power? |
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Definition
observed by COLLINS-
money- hold check over head, refuse to pay by the employer. people know they dont have to work 100% and they still keep their job
force-does not work well, people will rebel
solidarity- colins says this is the best, make employee feel like they are important by listening and realizing they have needs.
**offer rewards not just punishments** |
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Term
| what are some recent marriage and family trends? |
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Definition
divorce is on the rise. since it was adversarial prior to 1960 then no fault divorce afterwards
probability to increase divorce- young age marriage, "opposites attract not true", role obligations, if parents relationship did not work then neither will yours, dual career by men and women conflicting, |
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Term
| what is a nuclear family? |
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Definition
| mom, dad, bio children living in the same room 25 % of american families. |
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Term
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Definition
| protection, socialization, affection and companionship, provides a social status (ascribed). |
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Term
| who examined suicide and religion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the characteristics of education as a bureaucracy? |
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Definition
division of labor
hierarchy of authority
everyone is responsible for someone else (it holds people accountable)
written rules and regulations
impersonality
employment should be based on persons qualifications
"ideal type" |
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Term
| know the facts concerning "euthanasia" |
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Definition
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Term
| what is social change vs social mobility |
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Definition
social change- transformation of culture and social institutions over time
social movement- organized collection of activities that bring or resist change. |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in position within the social hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a form of social organization in which females dominate males |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of social organization in which males dominate females |
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Term
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Definition
| an economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are privately owned |
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Term
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Definition
| an economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are collectively owned |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypothetical economic and political system in which all members of a society are socially equal |
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Term
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Definition
| domination of a market by a single producer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred.. hunter-gatherers used this as their type of god |
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Term
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Definition
| set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence |
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Term
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Definition
| an ordinary element of everyday life |
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Term
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Definition
| assigning students to different types of educational programs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| discrepancy between what people expect to get vs what they are getting. |
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Term
| what is social stratification? |
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Definition
ways in which social inequalities are passed down from one generation to the next.
caste system- belief that you are paying for your prior life's debts- closed system
slavery-closed system
social class- based on economic standing |
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Term
| what are weber's views of S.S. |
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Definition
class- money they have
status-similar lifestyle people have
power-one's ability to exercise will over others. |
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Term
| what are the four social mobility types? |
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Definition
horizontal- social position to another in a similiar rank
vertical - to social position of a diff. rank
intragenerational- moving social rank in one's own lifetime
intergenerational-moving social class comparing children to parents |
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Term
| what is the current trend of how kids are doing in comparison to their parents? |
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Definition
| kids are not doing as good as parents most likely due to laziness and immediate gratification. |
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Term
| what is wallersteins world systems theory? |
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Definition
| focuses on colonialism when one country dominates another |
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Term
| wallersteins collonialism divides countries into what categories and explain each category... |
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Definition
most dominate countries called the core countries contain huge corporations, rich and prosperous
then semiperphery-countries of marginal economic status
periphery- poor, developing nations |
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Term
| what ages do we learn our gender roles? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do functionalists and conflict theorists believe about stratification by gender? |
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Definition
| functionalist believes that women serve a purpose being in a lower social class then men. while conflict theorists believe that women are put their by the men to keep the men in power |
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Term
| whats the difference between the paid labor force and the unpaid labor force? |
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Definition
| paid labor force receive a paycheck for their efforts while the unpaid labor force receive nothing! |
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Term
| what is the pay rate between men and women difference? |
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Definition
| men make 1.00 women make .85 |
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Term
| describe the traditional perspective of women in the workplace |
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Definition
| it was up to the men to go out and support the family so women staying at home was expected. |
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Term
| what is the second part of the womens rights movement? |
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Definition
| exploitation perspective- when went out and fought for their rights and revolted |
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Term
| what is the last stage of the womens rights movement? |
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Definition
| changing roles perspective-women's roles are changing, more are in the workplace, and more men now stay at home. |
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Term
| what did the study conducted by baumgartner in 1983 conclude? |
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Definition
| that females switching to male roles was more liberating then vice versa. |
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Term
| what is a society becoming more of in regards to gender? |
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Definition
| we are becoming more gender neutral, as opposed to more politically correct. Foss believes we are going in the right direction. |
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Term
| name the three types of groups that exist. |
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Definition
racial group-determined by biological factors and physical characteristics
minority group-less then 50% of population (latins are considered minority in LA because they still lack power despite being major population)
ethnic group-set apart due to culture or national origin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are two things durkheim says about religion? |
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Definition
it has manifest meaning- open and stated function
latent meaning-more hidden, less obvious |
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Term
| what do the functionalist believe when it comes to religion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does carl marx say about religion? |
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Definition
| its the opium of the people |
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Term
| list the societies and the top of god that they had |
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Definition
hunter gather- totems
horticulture-female emphasis
agarian-multiple god and goddess
industrial-god abstract
collin says this |
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Term
| what is a new habit of companies to do? |
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Definition
| to hire part time workers so that they don't have to have the expense of paying full time workers medical costs |
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Term
| how many people are without health insurance? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the functionalists, conflict, and interactionists feel about education? |
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Definition
functionalists- serves people in that it transmits knowledge to the people
interactionist- interactions that take place within the classroom are important (teacher expectancy effect: the view a teacher has on the students plays a significant effect)
conflict: education in effect to maintain privelages of people in power. (tracking done here) |
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Term
| why is education in a crisis? |
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Definition
violence- 6 million incidents reported last year
teachers are getting burnt out
school bullying
education cuts |
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Term
| what does medicalization of society mean? |
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Definition
| we are labeling obesity, alchololism as diseases... like i have an excuse to be this way... |
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Term
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Definition
| it means you believe you are wasting your time |
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Term
| what are some forms of resistance to social change? |
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Definition
co-option-people in power saying they are doing change but they are actually lieing
formal social control-laws are passed to resist a group
violence
ridicule- making fun of a group |
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Term
| what do the functionalist and conflict theoriests believe when it comes to social change and movements? |
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Definition
conflict people that there is a collective consciousness and a realization there is a common interest in creating change.. think MLK and womens rights- people stand up and fight
functionalists-- believe that society is in a state of equilibrium or balance... there will always be someone in power and there will always be someone oppressed |
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