Term
| Poverty is linked closely to education underachievement. What statistic of '90%' shows this. |
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Definition
| Nearly 90% of 'failing' schools are located in deprived areas. |
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Term
| When was Marilyn Howard and what does she say? |
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Definition
| 2001- young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. Poor nutrition affects health, for example by weakening the immune system and lowering children's energy levels. This may result in absence from school due to illness, and difficulties concentrating in class. |
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Term
| When was Richard Wilkinson and what does he say? |
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Definition
| 1996-among 10 year olds, the lower social class, the higher the rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders, all of which are likely to have a negative effect on the education. |
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Term
| When was Blanden and Machin and what did they say? |
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Definition
| Children from low class families were more likely to engage in 'externalising' behaviour (such as fighting and temper tantrums), which are likely to disrupt their schooling. |
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Term
| When was David Bull and what does he say? |
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Definition
| 1980- he refers to 'the cost of free schooling'-children from poor families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences that would enhance their educational achievement. |
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Term
| When was Emily Tanner and what does she say? |
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Definition
| 2003- The cost of items such as transport , uniforms, books e.t.c., places a heavy burden on poor families. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fear of stigmatisation may also help to explain why 20% of those eligible for free school meals do not take up their entitlement |
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Term
| When were Smith and Noble and what did they say? |
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Definition
| 1995- Poverty acts as a barrier to learning in other ways, such as inability to afford private schooling or tuition, and poorer quality local schools. |
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Term
| When were Callender and Jackson and what so they say? |
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Definition
| 2005-working class students are more debt averse |
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Term
| In 2012 what did UCAS say? |
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Definition
| According to UCAS the number of UK applicants fell by 8.6% in 2012 compared with the previous year. |
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Term
| What did A national union of students find and when was it? |
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Definition
| 2010- They did an online survey of 3,863 university students found that 81% of those from the highest social class received help from home, as against only 43% of those from the lowest class. |
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Term
| When was Diane Reay and what does she say? |
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Definition
| 2005- found that working class students were more likely to local universities so they could live at home and save on travel costs, but this gave them less opportunity to go to the highest status universities. |
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Term
| When was the national audit office and what did they find? |
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Definition
| working class students spent twice as much time in paid work to reduce their debts as middle class students. |
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