In order for a behavior, trait, or belief to be considered deviant, it must:

A. Inspire feelings of revulsion or disgust

B. Depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction

C. Break some social norm

D. Cause harm or injury to someone

What is the definition of culture?

A. Culture includes customs and rituals, and tools and artifacts

B. Culture shapes and defines who we are

C. Culture encompasses every aspect of social life

D. All of the above

Before beginning a research project, what will a good researcher always do?

A. Use the scientific method to evaluate his survey questions

B. Review the literature in order to become familiar with earlier research that relates to his topic

C. Clearly define his variables

D. Look for correlations between two or more different phenomena

The nature vs. nurture debate helps us to understand:

A. Why humans tend to act on their instincts

B. The contradictions between primary and secondary group socialization

C. The complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning

D. Why biology has nothing to do with human potential

The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called:

A. Ethnocentrism

B. Culture shock

C. Cultural relativism

D. Self-centeredness

What is the scientific method?

A. The use of statistics to analyze numerical data

B. The study of scientific processes

C. The standard procedure for acquiring and verifying empirical knowledge

D. The use of technology to understand the physical world

Several cases of children growing up in extreme social isolation, documented by Kingsley Davis, seem to suggest that:

A. Most mental capaities, and perhaps even the ability to think, are learned through social interaction

B. Human intelligence is almost entirely determined by heredity

C. The effects of isolation at an early age are readily reversible if caught in time

D. The effects of extreme isolation in children are irreversible if the situation isn't corrected by the time the child is five years old

How do sociologists distinguish a group from a crowd?

A. A group doesn't necessarily share any common attribute

B. A crowd doesn't necessarily feel a shared identity

C. A group doesn't have ongoing social relations

D. Members of a crowd don't interact with one another

The article "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema" is useful to sociologists because:

A. It presents a striking example of an exotic culture

B. It challenges people's inability to observe their own culture

C. It demonstrates proper fieldwork techniques for studying a different culture

D. It demonstrates how different other cultures are from American culture

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

A. Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution

B. Deviance makes it easier for the upper class to control the poor

C. Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society

D. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms

In recent years, sociologists who study deviance have learned that they can measure the quantities of narcotics consumed by a community by testing its sewage before treatment. What part of the research process would the sociologists be carrying out when they visit the sewage treatment plan?

A. Analyzing data

B. Disseminating the findings

C. Forming a hypothesis

D. Collecting data

Socialization refers to the:

A. Process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture

B. Fact that human nature is essentially self-centered and must be unlearned

C. Interaction betwenn people and social institutions

D. Interaction between different societies' culture

Which of the following are characterized by long-term, intimate, face-toface relationships?

A. Primary groups

B. In-groups

C. Reference groups

D. Secondary Groups

What is claimed to be the most significant component of culture?

A. History

B. Logos

C. Language

D. Multiculturalism

What theory argues that punishments for rule violators are unequally distributed, with those near the top of society subject to more lenient rules and sanctions than those at the bottom?

A. Dramaturgy

B. Labeling theory

C. Conflict theory

D. Functionalist Theory

If you observe a group in order to determine its norms, values, rules, and meanings, then what kind of research are you doing?

A. Normative research

B. Quantitative research

C. Qualitative research

D. Scientific research

How does the text define the self?

A. The part of an individual that is displayed to other members of the society

B. Only the private innermost parts of the mind, those that are not usually shown to others

C. The experience of a real identity, distinct from other people

D. The unconscious parts of the mind, especially the id

Which of the following is a characteristic of a bureaucracy?

A. Formal organization

B. A division of labor

C. Written rules

D. All of the above

Which of the following is one of the functions of symbolic culture?

A. It helps people to understand hegemony

B. It provides material signs of values and beliefs

C. It allows people to communicate

D. It poses a threat to the larger society

When do sociologists most often use statistical tools to analyze their data?

A. When they use ethnographic methods

B. When they use experimental methods

C. When they use interviews and participant observation

D. When they use surveys

Which one of the following is NOT an element of the looking-glass self?

A. We imagine how we appear to those around us

B. We imagine others' evaluations of us

C. We determine whether or not other people's evaluations of us are accurate

D. We develop a self-concept based on what we think that others think of us

What term did the sociologist George Ritzer use to describe the spread of rationalization and bureaucratic ways of operating into everyday life, or standartization?

A. The iron cage

B. The spirit of capitalism

C. Legal-rational authority

D. McDonaldization

Which of the following is clearly an example of a taboo in American society?

A. Jaywalking

B. Divorce

C. Bankruptcy

D. Incest

The analysis of documents, such as medical records, phtographs, diaries, letters, newspapers, and song lyrics, use which of the following types of data?

A. Ethographic fieldnotes

B. Interview transcripts

C. Existing sources

D. Experimental data

Which theorist argued that if people "define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences"?

A. W.I. Thomas

B. Erving Goffman

C. George Herbert Mead

D. Charles Cooley